Íåñãèáàåìûé äóõ âñå ïðåâîçìîæåò - ñëîâà ãðàôà Ì.È. Êóòóçîâà-Ñìîëåíñêîãî, ïîìåùåííûå íà ãåðáå Ñìîëåíñêîé îáëàñòè
Ñîáîð ñìîëåíñêèõ ñâÿòûõ Ñìîëåíñêèé êàëåíäàðü Ñâÿòûíè Ñìîëåíñêîé çåìëè Áèáëèîòåêà Ññûëêè
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Âíèìàíèå! Ñàéò ïåðååõàë.

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VIII. ?YNˆ???¶???·???µ????N‹?µ N‡N????µN??° ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»?? ?? N????????µN‚?µ?»N?N?N‚???° ?? ?µ?µ ??Nˆ???·??Nˆ?»??????N?N‚??
IX. ?Y??N????µNˆN‚??N‹?µ N‡N????µN??° ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??
X. ?s?????z?????—???¦???? ?Y? ?•?Y. ? ???????›??

VIII. ?YNˆ???¶???·???µ????N‹?µ N‡N????µN??° ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»?? ?? N????????µN‚?µ?»N?N?N‚???° ?? ?µ?µ ??Nˆ???·??Nˆ?»??????N?N‚??

?‘???»N?N??°N? N‡?°N?N‚N? N‡N????µN? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?±N‹?»?° ?·?°????N??°???° N???N?N‚?°????N‚?µ?»?µ?? ?µN‘ ?¶???·???µ??????N??°????N? ??Nˆ??N‚?????µNˆ?µ?µ?? ???µNˆ?????µ?? ?›?µ?±?µ???µ??N‹?? (+1934) N???N?N‰?µ???????????? ?‘??????N????»?µ??N??????? N†?µNˆ?????? N?. ?”Nˆ???????????° ?“?¶?°N‚N????????? N??µ?·???° ???????»?µ??N??????? ??N??±?µNˆ??????, ??N‹???µ ?????¶?°??N????????? Nˆ-???° ????N???????N??????? ???±?»?°N?N‚??, ?? ??????N†?µ 20-N… aˆ“ ???°N‡?°?»?µ 30-N… ??????????.
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1. ?§N????µN???N‹?? ?±N‹?»?? ?·???°??????N?N‚???? ??. ???µNˆ????N? N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»N?NZ. ?‘?°N‚NZN????°, ?µN‰N‘ ???µ ?±N???N?N‡?? ?»??N‡???? ?·???°?????? N??? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ??, ?????????? N??»N‹N??°?» ?? ???µ?? ?? ???°?¶?µ ???°??Nˆ?°???»N??» ?? ???µ?? ?·?° N??????µN‚???? N???????N… ??Nˆ??N…???¶?°??. ??N???NˆN????° ?µ???? N‚?°???¶?µ ?µ?·?????»?° ?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ??, N‚?°?????? ???±Nˆ?°?·????, ???µ?¶??N? ???????? ???°N‡?°?»??N?N? ?·?°??N‡?????µ ?·???°??????N?N‚????. ?s?°??-N‚?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? N????°?·?°?»?° ???°N‚N?N????µ ??. ???µNˆ????N?, ????-??????????????N? ??Nˆ???·Nˆ?µ???°N? ?? ??N‘?? N??????µ???? ?±N???N?N‰?µ???? ?¶???·???µ??????N??°N‚?µ?»N?:
aˆ“ ????N‡N? ???????µN‚N? ??. ???µNˆ????N?. ?? ???µ N???NˆN? ???? N‚?µN… ????Nˆ, ???????° ???µ N??????¶N? ?µ????.
?Y???»N?N‡???? N‚?°?????µ ??Nˆ?????»?°N??µ?????µ, ??. ???µNˆ?????? ??????N????°?»: "?’??N‚ ?? ?¶??????, ????Nˆ?????°N? ???°N‚N?N????°, ?° N? ?? N‚?µ?±?µ ???µ ?????µ??N?, ???µ??N? N‚N‹ ??N??¶???° ???°??". ?­N‚?? ?±N‹?»?? ?? ??????N†?µ 1924 ???????°.
?’ ?°????N?N?N‚?µ ?¶?µ 1925 ???????° ??Nˆ??N…???¶?°???µ N?????????Nˆ???»?? ??. ???µNˆ????N? ?????µN…?°N‚N? ?? ?‘??Nˆ?????????? ???° ??Nˆ?°?·????????. ?? N…??N‚N? ?±?°N‚NZN????° ???µ N…??N‚?µ?» ?·?°N…??????N‚N? ?? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??, ???? ???±N?N‚??N?N‚?µ?»N?N?N‚???° N????»?°??N‹???°?»??N?N? ??Nˆ??N‚???? ?µ???? ?????»??, N‚?°?? N‡N‚??, ?????????° ?µ???? ??Nˆ?????»?°N????»?? ?·?°??N‚?? ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ???° N‡?°??, N‚?? ???? ???°??-N‚?? ?±?µ?·?????»N????? N??????»?°N????»N?N?, N??????µNˆN??µ?????? ?·?°?±N‹?? N?????N‘ ???°???µNˆ?µ?????µ. ?’??N‚ ???°?? ???? N??°?? ??????N??°?» N?????NZ ???µNˆ??N?NZ ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‡N? N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????:
"????N‘?? N‚N‘????N‹?? ????Nˆ??????Nˆ????. ???°N? ?±N‹?»?? N‡?µ?»?????µ?? ???µN?N?N‚N?-?????µ???°??N†?°N‚N?, N? ????N? ????N??»?µ????????. ?’???µNˆ?µ???? N??¶?µ N? ???µ??-N‚?? ?·????Nˆ?????°NZN‚N?N?, ?±?»?°????N??»?????»N?NZN‚N?N?. ?’??NˆN??? N??»N‹N?N? ???????»?? N??µ?±N?:
?? N?N‚?? ??N‚?? ?¶?µ? ???????°?? ??. ???µNˆ?????? ??Nˆ??????????N????????
?? ??N‹ ??N‚???- N???Nˆ?°N??????°NZ N?.
?”?° N? aˆ“ ??Nˆ?µN????°N?, ??????N???N‹N???N?N? ? ?°N…???»N?.
?? N‚Nˆ?µ???µN‚?°?», ???µNˆ??N‹?? Nˆ?°?· ?? ?¶???·???? ???°N…????N?N?N? N‚?°?? ?±?»???·???? ?? ?±?»?°???????°N‚??????N? N‡?µ?»?????µ??N? ?? ??????N?, ???°?? N????»?° ?‘???¶??N? N??????µNˆN??°?»?°N?N? ?? ?µN‘ ???µ????N‰?°N…. ?YNˆ??N‘??, ?????°?·?°????N‹?? ?????µ??N? ???µ????N?N‚??????N?N‚??N?, ?±N‹?» N‚?°?? Nˆ?°??N?N??µ?? ?? ??Nˆ??N?N‚, N‡N‚?? N? ?±N‹?» N??????µNˆN??µ?????? ???»?µ??N‘??".
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2. ?’ ????N??±Nˆ?µ ???µN?N?N†?µ 1927 ???????° ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»N? ???????????µ ???????µ???°?»?° ??. ???µNˆ????NZ ?? N??????µ?? ?¶???·????. ?­N‚?? ????N????????????°????N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ?»?µ???»?? ?? ??N???????N? ?µN‘ ?¶???·???µ??????N??°????N? ?? ???°N?N‚??N?N‰?µ???? ?–??N‚??N?. ???? ?? ???µ????N‚??NˆN‹N… ???±N?N‚??N?N‚?µ?»N?N?N‚???°N… ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ?·?°??Nˆ?µN‚???»?° ?±?°N‚NZN????µ Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°N‚N?, ?????»???¶???? N??????µNZ NˆN?????NZ ???µN‡?°N‚N? ?????»N‡?°????N? ???° ?µ???? N?N?N‚?°. ?Y??N??»?µ N?N‚?????? ??. ???µNˆ?????? ???µ Nˆ?°?· ?·?°???µN‡?°?», N‡N‚?? ???°?¶?µ ?µN??»?? ??N‡?µ??N? N…??N‚?µ?» N‡N‚??-?»???±?? Nˆ?°N?N????°?·?°N‚N?, N‚?? ????N‡?µ???? N? ???µ???? ???µ ?????»N?N‡?°?»??N?N?. ?­N‚N? ???µN‡?°N‚N? ?????»N‡?°????N? ???? ??N‰N?N‰?°?» ???° N?N?N‚?°N… N???????N…, ???°?? N‚???»N????? Nˆ?°?·????????Nˆ ???°N??°?»N?N? ?·?°??Nˆ?µN‰N‘????N‹N… ??????Nˆ??N?????.
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3. ?? N?N???NˆN????? ??. ???µNˆ????N? N‡?°N?N‚?? ???µ???µ?»?? ???°?»N?N†N‹ ???° NˆN????°N…, ??N????±?µ?????? ??Nˆ?? ?????????µ ????Nˆ????. ?z?????°?¶??N‹ ?????° ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ?·????????, ?????????° N? ???µN‘ ???µ ?±N‹?»?? ????N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»?µ??. ?z???? ???°N…???????»??N?N? ?? ???µ?»???? ????????N‘??. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° Nˆ?°N??????»???¶???»?°N?N? ?? ??Nˆ?µN??»?µ N? ???µN‡????, ?° N? ?µN‘ ??????, ???° ???°?»?µ??N??????? N????°???µ?µN‡???µ aˆ“ ???°N‚N?N????° ??. ???µNˆ????N?. ?z???° ???µNˆ?¶?°?»?° NˆN????? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?? N???????N… NˆN????°N…, ?? N‚?° ???°N?N‚?°???»N??»?° ?µN‘. ???°N‚N?N????° N??»N?N‡?°?????? N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? N? ???µN‘ NˆN?????, ??N????±?µ?????? ???°?»N?N†N‹, ???µ???µNZN‚. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ???µNˆ?µ??Nˆ?µN?N‚???»?°, ???????»?°?????»?° ??N… ?? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ??N?, N‚?µ???µNˆN? ???µ???µN‚N? ???µ ?±N???N?N‚.
??N???NˆN????° ??. ???µNˆ????N?, ???°?? ?? ???????????µ ?? ?????????±??N‹N… N??»N?N‡?°N?N…, ???µ ???±Nˆ?°N‚???»?° ???° ??N?N‘ N?N‚?? ?????????°????N?. ?YNˆ??N??»?? ???µ????N‚??Nˆ???µ ??Nˆ?µ??N?, ?????° ??N????????????»?° ?? N??????µ?? ?±???»?µ?·????, ???? ?·?°???µN‚???»?°, N‡N‚?? ?? N??»?µ???° ??N‚ ???µN‘ ???µ ??N?N‚?°?»??N?N?.
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4. 16 N??????°NˆN? 1926 ???????° N?N???NˆN????° ??. ???µNˆ????N? ????N??µN‚???»?° ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»N?. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°, ???°?? ??N??µ?????°, N?N‚?°?»?° Nˆ?°N?N???Nˆ?°N??????°N‚N? ???°N‚N?N???N? ?? ?µN‘ N??µ???µ??N?N‚???µ, N???Nˆ??N????»?° ?? ?? ?µN‘ ????N‡?µNˆ??, ????N‚??Nˆ?°N? Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°?»?° ?? N‚?? ??Nˆ?µ??N? ?? ??. ?‘??????Nˆ????N????µ (??N‹???µ ??. ??????????N???):
aˆ“ ??N?, ?° ???°?? ?’?µNˆ??N‡???° ?¶?????µN‚?
aˆ“ ?z???° N…??N‡?µN‚ ???µNˆ?µ???µN?N‚??N?N? ?? ????N?????N?, ???° ???µ ?·???°?µN‚ ???°??, aˆ“ ??N‚???µN‚???»?° ????N? ?¶?µ???°.
aˆ“ ??N?, N‡N‚?? ?¶, ?? ???µNˆ?µ?????µN‚, N…??N‚N? ?? ???µ N?????Nˆ??, N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ???µN?N?N† ???µNˆ?µ?????µN‚, aˆ“ N????°?·?°?»?° ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N?.
aˆ“ ?”?° ??N‹ N‚?°?? N?????Nˆ?? ?? ???µ ???°???µ?µ??N?N?, N…??N‚N? ?±N‹ N‡?µNˆ?µ?· N‚Nˆ??-N‡?µN‚N‹Nˆ?µ ???µN?N?N†?° ???µNˆ?µ???µN?N‚??N?N?, ?? N‚?? ?±N????µ?? Nˆ?°??N‹.
?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? N?N‚???µNˆ????N‚?µ?»N????? ?? ???°?¶?µ ???°N?N‚????N‡?????? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?§?µNˆ?µ?· ???µN?N?N† ?? ????N??????µ Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°N‚N? ?±N????µN‚.
18 N„?µ??Nˆ?°?»N? 1926 ???????° ?’?µNˆ?° ?›?µ?±?µ???µ???° N??¶?µ Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°?»?° ?? ????N??????µ.
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5. ???µNˆ?????????°N… ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µ??, ?±N‹??N????? ??N?N…?????????????? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?? ????N??»?µ???????µ N‡?µN‚N‹Nˆ?µ ???????° ?µ?µ ?¶???·????, N‚?°???¶?µ ???°?? ?? ??Nˆ??N‚?????µNˆ?µ?? ???µNˆ??????, N????°N‡?°?»?° ?????·???°?????????»N?N? N??? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ?? ?·?°??N‡????. ?—?° ???µN??????»N????? ?»?µN‚ ???? ??N… ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‡?? ??N?N…??????N‹?µ N‡?°???° ??. ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µN? ????N?N‚???»?? ?? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹Nˆ?µ ?? ?? ?±?µN??µ???µ N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? N???????N???N??»?? ?? ??N‘??. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?·???°?µN‚ ?±?°N‚NZN???N? ?? ??Nˆ??N??»?°?»?° ?µ??N? N‚Nˆ?? ??NˆN????????° ?? N‚Nˆ?? N???N†?°. ?’N?????Nˆ?µ ??. ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µ?? N??°?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?» ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‚???»?° ?µ???? N??? N??»?????°????:
aˆ“ ?? ?±?°N‚NZN????°-N‚?? ?·???°??????N‹??!
?? ????N… N???N?N‚??N??»?°N?N? ?±?µN??µ???°, ?? ??????N†?µ ????N‚??Nˆ???? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??????Nˆ??N????»?° ?±?°N‚NZN???N? ??Nˆ?µ??N? ??N‚ ??Nˆ?µ???µ???? ??Nˆ???µ?·?¶?°N‚N? ?? ???µ?? ???»N? ??N????????µ???? N??? ????N?N‚N‹???? ?”?°Nˆ?°????, ???° N‡N‚?? ???? N??????»?°N????»N?N?.
?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ??N??µ?????° N??°???° ??N‹?·N‹???°?»?° ?? N??µ?±?µ ??. ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µN?, ???? ???µ ???±N‹N‡??N‹?? ???±Nˆ?°?·????, ?° ?????»??N‚??????. ?§?°N?N‚??, ???°?¶?µ ?????????° ?±?°N‚NZN????µ ?±N‹?»?? ???µ?????????° ?µN…?°N‚N? ?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????, ???? ????NˆN???, ???°??-N‚?? N??????µNˆN??µ?????? ?±?µ?·??N‚N‡?µN‚????, ??N‚??Nˆ?°???»N??»N?N? ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ. ?z???° ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‡?°?»?° ?µ???? N??»?????°????:
aˆ“ ?? N‚N‹, N?N‹??????, N??µ????????N? ???µ ???? N??µ?±?µ ??Nˆ???µN…?°?».
???????????° ?? ????Nˆ?????µ ??. ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µNZ N??»N?N‡?°?»??N?N? ?±N‹N‚N? N????????µN‚?µ?»?µ?? ???µ??Nˆ??N?N‚??N‹N… N?N†?µ??, ???·-?·?° N‡?µ???? ???????????° ?µ??N? ??Nˆ??N…???????»?? N…N???N‹?µ ??????N‹N??»N‹. ?????????° ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ???µNˆ?µ?? ??N????????µ??N?NZ ?????»???»?°N?N?:
aˆ“ ?zN‡??N?N‚?? ???°N?, ?“??N?????????, ??N‚ ??N??µN… ??N?Nˆ??N‹N… ??N‹N??»?µ?? ???°N???N…!
??N????????µ??N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ??Nˆ???????·N‹???°?»?° ???°N????????·N? ??N?N?N? ?? ?±N‹?»?° ???µN?N????° ????N?N‡??N‚?µ?»N????° ???»N? N??°???????? ??N?N…???????????°. ?zN‚?µN† ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µ?? ???µ ?????? N????µNˆ?¶?°N‚N? N??»?µ?·.
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6. ?z?????°?¶??N‹ ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ??Nˆ?µ???»???¶???»?° ??. ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µNZ ?????»?µ?¶?°N‚N? ???° N??????µ?? ???????°??N‡?????µ, ????N??»?µ N‡?µ???? ???? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?» ?????????? ?? ?·?°N…????Nˆ?°?», ??Nˆ???±???»?µ?» ?????»???????°.
?? ???µ???°N? ?Y?µ?»?°????N?, ???? ?µ???? N??»?????°??, N? ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ????N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ??Nˆ??N????°?»?° ???° ???????°??N‡?????µ ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ N‚Nˆ?? N‡?°N??°, ????N??»?µ N‡?µ???? ?·?°?±???»?µ?»?° ?? ??N‡?µ??N? N?????Nˆ?? N????µNˆ?»?°.
?‘N‹?»?? ???µ??????????Nˆ?°N‚???? ?·?°???µN‡?µ????, N‡N‚?? N‚?°?????? ???±Nˆ?°?·???? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? N????°?·N‹???°?»?° ???° ?±???»?µ?·??N? ???»?? N????µNˆN‚N?.
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7. ?z?????°?¶??N‹ ??N?N…??????N‹?µ N‡?°???° ??. ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µN? ?¶???°?»?? ?µ???? ?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????, ???? ???? ???µ ??Nˆ???µN…?°?». ?????????° ?????? N????°?·?°?»?? ???± N?N‚???? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ, ?° N‚?° ??N‚???µN‚???»?°:
aˆ“ ?z?? ?·?°??N‚Nˆ?° ??Nˆ???µ???µN‚ N? ?????????? ?”????N‚Nˆ???µ????????. ???°?? ?? N??»N?N‡???»??N?N?.
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8. ?s?°??-N‚?? ??. ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µ?? ?·?°???µN‚???», N‡N‚?? N? ?’?»?°????????NˆN??????? ????????N‹ ?‘???¶???µ?? ???°N‚?µNˆ??, N?N‚??N???N??µ?? ?? ???µ?»???? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹, ???????° NˆN?N‡???° ????N‚?µ?????µ?»?°. ?z?? ????????N‚?µNˆ?µN??????°?»N?N? N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????, ????N‡?µ??N? N?N‚?? ??Nˆ?????·??N??»??. ???° ??N‚???µN‚???»?°:
aˆ“ ??N…, ???°???µNˆ?????µ N? ??Nˆ?????»N????µ?»?°, ?? ??N‚??-?????±N???N? ???µ????N?N‚??????N‹?? ?? ???µ?? ??Nˆ???»???¶???»N?N?! aˆ“ ?? N?N‚?°?»?° N??? N??»?µ?·?°???? ??Nˆ??N???N‚N? ?‘??????Nˆ??????N†N? ??Nˆ??N?N‚??N‚N? ?µ?µ ?·?° ???µNˆ?°???µ?????µ. ?Y??N??»?µ N?N‚?? ???? NˆN?N‡???° ??Nˆ??N????µN‚?»?µ?»?°.
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9. ?YNˆ??N‚?????µNˆ?µ?? N?. ?’?µN????? ?????¶?°??N????????? N??µ?·???° ????N???????N??????? ??N??±?µNˆ??????, ??. ?’?°N????»???? ?“??Nˆ?????µN†?????? ????????????Nˆ?°N‚???? N??»N‹N??°?» ??N‚ N???????N… ??Nˆ??N…???¶?°?? ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?? Nˆ?µN????» ?????±N‹???°N‚N? N? ???µN‘. 25 ?°????N?N?N‚?° 1926 ???????° ???? ??N‚??Nˆ?°?????»N?N? ?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????. ?•???? ?±??Nˆ???»?? N????????µ????N?, ?????¶?µN‚ ?»?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?·???°N‚N? ?? ?¶???·???? ???µ?·???°??????N‹N… ?»NZ???µ??, ???µN‚ ?»?? ?·???µN?N? ???±???°???°, ??N‹?????????????? ???»N? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?. ?z?? ????N?N‚N?N‡?°?» aˆ“ ?????µNˆN? ??N‚????Nˆ???»?°N?N?. ?Y?µNˆ?µ?? ?????? N?N‚??N??»?° ???µ??N‹N??????°N? ???????°N…????N? N? ?????????? ???»?°?·????. ?zN‚?µN† ?’?°N????»???? ??????N??», N‡N‚?? N?N‚?? ?? ?µN?N‚N? N‚?° N??°???°N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°. ?z???° N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?? aˆ“ N?N‚?°Nˆ?°N? ??N?Nˆ??N‡???° ???°?»????Nˆ?°????N‚???°N?, ??N??µN… ???±????Nˆ?°N‡?????°NZ, ?° N??°???° ????N‡?µ???? ???µ ?·???°NZ.
?‘?°N‚NZN????° ?±N‹?» ????Nˆ?°?¶?µ??. ?Y??N??»?µ ???µ??Nˆ???????»?¶??N‚?µ?»N????????? Nˆ?°?·????????Nˆ?° N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ???? N????°?·?°?», N‡N‚?? N…??N‡?µN‚ ???????????°N‚N?N?N? N? ???µNZ ???° ?±N???N?N‰???? ??????, ???? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??N‚???µN‚???»?°:
aˆ“ ???µN‚, ?±???»N?N??µ ??N‹ ???µ??N? ???µ N?????????N‚?µ N‚?°??N?NZ, ?° ?? ??NˆN??????? ???????µ, aˆ“ ?????° ??N‹N??»?° ?? ??NˆN???N?NZ ?????????°N‚N? ?? ?·?°N‚?µ?? ????N??????»?°N?N? ?? N?N…?????µ, aˆ“ ????N‚ N‚?°?? N? N…???¶N? ?? N…Nˆ?°??, N‚?°?? ?? ??N‚??????N? ?? ??NˆN???N?NZ ?¶???·??N?.
???? ?? 1927, ???? ?? 1928 ??????N? ??. ?’?°N????»??NZ ???µ ??Nˆ??N??»??N?N? ???????µN‚N?N?N? N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»N?NZ, ???µ ?±N‹?» ???? ?? ???° ?° ??????Nˆ?µ?±?µ??????. ?? ?? 1929 ??????N?, ?? N??????°Nˆ?µ, ?????????° ???? ?±N‹?» ?±???»?µ??, N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N??????»?°N?N? ?µ??N? ???? N????µ, ???±?»?°N‡?µ?????°N? ?? N?N…????N?, ?? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ???° N‡N‚?? ??Nˆ???·???°??, N‚?? ?? ??N??????»??N???. ?’N??µ ?·?µ???????µ ?·?°???°??N‡??????. ???°?? ?????»N??±N‹?? N??????????? ?µN?N‚N? ?µN‰N‘ ???µ?±??, ??N????° ?????»?¶??N‹ N?N‚Nˆ?µ????N‚N?N?N? ??N??µ ?¶????N?N‰???µ.
?zN‚?µN† ?’?°N????»???? ??Nˆ??N???N??»N?N?, ?? ????N‡N???N?N‚???????°?», N‡N‚?? ?±???»N? N?N‚??N…?»?°.
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10. ?–??N‚?µ?»N? ???µNˆ?µ?????? ??N‚?µ???°??N†?µ???? ?“?¶?°N‚N????????? N??µ?·???° ???????»?µ??N??????? ??N??±?µNˆ?????? ?sN?N‚N??·???? ???±Nˆ?°N‰?°?»N?N? ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?·?° ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ?????µ?? ???µNˆ?µN??µ?»??N‚N?N?N? ?? ???°???°NˆN???N?NZ ??N??±?µNˆ????NZ N??? ??N??µ?? N????????? N??µ???µ??N?N‚??????, ???? ?????° N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ???°N‚?µNˆN? ?‘???¶??N? ???µ ?±?»?°????N??»?????»N??µN‚ ?µ???? ???° N?N‚??, N‡N‚?? ???? N‚?°?» ?????µN?N‚?? Nˆ?°????N?N‚?? ?????»N?N‡??N‚ ???µN‡?°?»N? aˆ“ ????N‚?µNˆN??µN‚ N??µ??N?NZ. ?sN?N‚N??·???? ????N??»N?N??°?»N?N?. ?§?µNˆ?µ?· ?????? ?? ???°???°NˆN??????? ??N??±?µNˆ?????? ???°N‡?°?»N?N? ?????»????, ?? ??N‚?? ???· ?¶??N‚?µ?»?µ?? ???µNˆ?µ?µN…?°?» N‚N????°, Nˆ?°N???Nˆ?????°?? ????N?N‰?µN?N‚????, N‚?? ????N‚?µNˆ???µ?» ???µN????°N‡N?, ?° ???µ????N‚??NˆN‹?µ, ????N‚?µNˆN??? N???????N… ?±?»???·????N…, ?????·??Nˆ?°N‚???»??N?N? ???±Nˆ?°N‚????.
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11. ?s?°??-N‚?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ? ?°N…???»N? ????N??µN‚???»?° ?¶?µ??N‰?????° N? ????N‡?µNˆN?NZ-???µ????N†?µ??. ????N‡?µ???? ???µ N???Nˆ?°N??????°N? N? ????N…, N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ???°N‚?µNˆN? ?‘???¶??N? ?±?»?°????N??»?????»N??µN‚ N???NZ ???µ????N†N? ?? ??N?N‚N?, N?N‡??N‚N?N?N? Nˆ?µ???µN??»N?.
aˆ“ ?? N…??N‡N? ????N??»?°N‚N? ?µ?µ ?? ????N?????N? N?N‡??N‚N?N?N? ???° N????µNZ, aˆ“ N????°?·?°?»?° ???°N‚N?.
aˆ“ ?’?°N? ?±?»???¶?°??N????? Nˆ????N?N‚???µ???????? ??N??µ N?N?N‚Nˆ????N‚, aˆ“ ??Nˆ???????»?¶?°?»?° N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°, ???°?? ?±N???N‚?? ?·???°N? ??N??µ ???±N?N‚??N?N‚?µ?»N?N?N‚???° ???µ?»?°.
aˆ“ ?? ???µ??N? ?? ????N??????µ ?¶?????µN‚ N?N‹??. ?? ???°???µNZN?N?, N‡N‚?? ???? ?????????¶?µN‚.
aˆ“ ????N‚N? ???? ?? ???°NˆN‚??????N‹??, ???? N??µNˆ??N†?µ N? ???µ???? ?????±Nˆ???µ, ?? ???? ???°N‚?µNˆ???°?»N????? ???????????°?µN‚ ???°??, aˆ“ ?????????»?????»?° N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°.
aˆ“ ?”?°, ???? ???µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N????? ?? ???°NˆN‚????, aˆ“ ??N‚???µN‚???»?° ???°N‚N?. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° ????N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»?µ??, ?? ?????? N?N??»??.
?zN‚?µN† ?’?°N????»???? ?“??Nˆ?????µN†??????, ?±N‹??N????? N????????µN‚?µ?»?µ?? N?N‚???? N?N†?µ??N‹, N???Nˆ??N????» ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N?, ???µ ?·???°???????° ?»?? ?????° N? N?N‚?????? ?»NZ??N?????. ???° N‡N‚?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ??N‚???µN‚???»?°: "???°N‚?µNˆN? ?‘???¶??N? ?·???°????????N‚ ???µ??N? N??? ??N??µ???? ??N??¶???°NZN‰??????N?N?".
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12. ?”N?N??????? ???· N?. ?’N‘N?????, ??. ?????°???? ?Y?µN‚Nˆ?????°???»????N???????, N??·???°?» ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?? 1923 ??????N? ?? Nˆ?µN????» ?????±N‹???°N‚N? N? ???µ?µ. 25 ?°????N?N?N‚?° N‚?????? ?¶?µ ???????°, ?? N‡?µN‚N‹Nˆ?µ N‡?°N??° N?N‚Nˆ?°, ???? ?±N‹?» ?? ???µ?»???? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹, ?????µ N??¶?µ N????±Nˆ?°?»??N?N? N‡?µ?»?????µ?? N??µ??N????µN?N?N‚-????N??µ??N????µN?N?N‚ ?±???????????»N?N†?µ??. ?s???????° ????????N??»?° ?µ???? ??N‡?µNˆ?µ??N?, ???? ??????Nˆ??N????» N? ???µ?µ ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ????N?.
aˆ“ ???µN‚, ?±?°N‚NZN????°, ??N‹ ?±?»?°????N??»??????N‚?µ ???µ??N?! aˆ“ N????°?·?°?»?° ?????°.
aˆ“ ?? ???µ??N? ??N?N???????, aˆ“ ??N‚???µN‚???» ????.
aˆ“ ??N?, N?????Nˆ?? ?±N????µN?N? ?±?°N‚NZN???????, aˆ“ N??»?µ?????° N????°Nˆ???? ?µ???? ???? ???»?µN‡N?, N????°?·?°?»?° ?????°. aˆ“ ?? N…??Nˆ??N??? N‚N‹ ?????µN?N?, ?±?µNˆ?µ???? ?????»??N?.
?”?? N?N‚?????? ??. ?????°???? ???µ ??????N‹N??»N??» ?? N???N?N‰?µ??N?N‚???µ, N?N‡??N‚?°N? N??µ?±N? ???µ????N?N‚??????N‹??, ???? 11 ???°NˆN‚?° 1924 ???????° ?µ???? NˆN??????????»???¶???»??.
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13. 30 ?°??Nˆ?µ?»N? 1926 ???????° ??. ?????°???? ????N?N‚N? ????N??µN‚???» ??Nˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ? ?°N…???»N?. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??Nˆ????N??»?° ?µ???? ?»NZ?±?µ?·???? ??, ???°?? ??N??µ?????°, ???°???????»?° N‡?°?µ??. ?z???° Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?»?° ?? N??????µ?? ?¶???·????, ?????????? ????????Nˆ???»?° ?? ???µ??N?N‚???µ. ?z?? N????????»N??»N?N?, ???»N? N‡?µ???? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ????????Nˆ??N‚ N?N‚?? ?µ??N?, N‡?µ?»?????µ??N? N??µ???µ????????N?. ?zN‚?µN† ?????°???? ??Nˆ??N????» ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ?????»??N‚N?N?N? ?? ???µ?? ?? ?? ?µ???? N??µ???µ??N?N‚???µ. ?Y???????»????N???N?N?, ?????° ????N?N‚?°?»?° N??µN?N‚N????µN?N?N‚ ???????µ?µ??, ??Nˆ?????µ?»?° ?????? ???? ?????????µ ?‘???¶???µ?? ???°N‚?µNˆ?? ?? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?’??N‚ N‚?µ?±?µ ???µ??N?????, N‡N‚???±N‹ ?????? ?????????????° ???µ ??N‹?????????»??N?N?. ?sN????? N‡N‚??-?????±N???N?, N‚???»N????? ???»N? N??µ?±N?.
aˆ“ ???°N‚N?N????°, N? ???µ??N? ???µ??N? ?¶?µ???° ?? Nˆ?µ?±?µ??????, ?±?»?°????N??»??????N‚?µ ??N??????»N??·?????°N‚N? ??N… ???»N? ??N??µN….
aˆ“ ?????°N‡?°?»?° aˆ“ ???»N? N??µ?±N?, ?° N‚?°?? aˆ“ ???°?? N‚?µ?±?µ N…??N‡?µN‚N?N?.
?‘?»?°????N??»?????»N?N? ??. ?????°?????°, N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??N? ?????µ-N‡N‚?? ?? ?µ???? ???°?»N????µ??N??µ?? N?N???N??±?µ. ?’N??µ?? N?N‚???? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? N????°?·?°?»?° ??. ?????°????N? ???° ?µ???? ?±N???N?N‰?µ?µ ??????????N‡?µN?N‚????, ???° N‚??, N‡N‚?? ?µ???? ??????????N?N‚ ?¶?µ???° ?? ?µ??????N?N‚???µ????N‹?? N?N‹??.
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14. ?YNˆ??N‚?????µNˆ?µ?? ???»?µ??N??°????Nˆ ?’??N???Nˆ?µN??µ??N??????? ???· ??. ? N??·N‹ ????N???????N??????? ???±?»?°N?N‚?? ?»?µN‚ ?????°??N†?°N‚N? N?N‚Nˆ?°???°?» ?±???»N????? ?? ?¶?µ?»N??????µ. ?’ 1920-N… ???????°N… ??Nˆ??N?N‚N???N‹ N??»N?N‡?°?»??N?N? ???µN??????»N????? Nˆ?°?· ?? ???µ??N?, ??N????±?µ?????? ????N‡N?NZ. ?z?? ??N??µ ??Nˆ?µ??N? ?»?µN‡???»N?N?, ???? ???±?»?µ??N‡?µ????N? ???µ ?±N‹?»??. ?’ ??????N†?µ 1922 ???????° ??Nˆ?°N‡?? ???°N??»?? N? ?±?°N‚NZN????? N??·??N? ?????µ???°??N†?°N‚?????µNˆN?N‚?????? ????N?????, N…??N‚?µ?»?? N????µ?»?°N‚N? ?????µNˆ?°N†??NZ, ???? ????N‚???? ??N‚?»???¶???»??. ?zN‚N†N? ???»?µ??N??°????NˆN? N??»N?N‡?°?»??N?N? ?±N‹???°N‚N? N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?·???°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ???? ?±???»?µ??, ???? ?????????????° ???µ Nˆ?°N?N???Nˆ?°N??????°?»?° ?? ?±???»?µ?·????. ?zN??µ??N?NZ 1923 ???????° ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ???µ???¶?????°?????? N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??N?:
aˆ“ ?? N‚?µ?±?µ ???°?????±???? ?±N‹?»?? ?±N‹ N????µ?»?°N‚N? ?????µNˆ?°N†??NZ.
aˆ“ ?????µ ??Nˆ?µ???»?°???°?»??, ???? ??N‚???»???????»??, aˆ“ ??N‚???µN‚???» ?±?°N‚NZN????°.
aˆ“ ???µN‚, ???µN‚, ?????µNˆ?°N†??N? ??Nˆ??N??»?° ?±N‹ N…??Nˆ??N???.
aˆ“ ???°N‚N?N????°, ?????µ ??N‡?µ??N? ?¶?°?»N? Nˆ?°N?N?N‚?°???°N‚N?N?N? N??? N??????µ?? ?±???»?µ?·??N?NZ!
??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ???°??-N‚?? ?·?°???°????N‡???? N??»N‹?±??N??»?°N?N? ?? N???Nˆ??N????»?°:
aˆ“ ?? ?????µ N? N‚?µ?±N? ?±???»??N‚?
?zN‚?µN† ???»?µ??N??°????Nˆ ???????°?·?°?», ?? ???°N‚N?N????° ???µNˆ?µ??Nˆ?µN?N‚???»?° ???·???°?»?? N????°?·?°???????µ ???µN?N‚??. ?z?? ???µ ???±Nˆ?°N‚???» ?????????°????N? ???° N?N‚??, ????, ??Nˆ???±N‹?? ??????????, ????N‡N?NZ ???µ ????N‡N???N?N‚???????°?» ???±N‹N‡?????? ?±???»??, ?µN‘ ???µ ?±N‹?»?? ?? ???° ??NˆN???????, ?? ???° N‚Nˆ?µN‚???? ???µ??N?.
?Y?? ??Nˆ??N??µN?N‚?????? N‚NˆN‘N… ???µN?N?N†?µ?? ?±???»?µ?·??N? ????N?N‚N? ???°?»?° ?? N??µ?±?µ ?·???°N‚N?, ???? ??Nˆ??N?N‚N??????? ???µ ?±N‹?»??. ?‘?°N‚NZN????° ?????µN…?°?» ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ.
aˆ“ ???°N‚N?N????°, aˆ“ N????°?·?°?» ????, aˆ“ ????N‚ ??N‹ ???µNˆ?µ??Nˆ?µN?N‚???»?? ?±???»N??????µ ???µN?N‚??, ?? ?±???»?? ??Nˆ??N??»??.
aˆ“ ?YNˆ??N??»??? aˆ“ N???Nˆ??N????»?° ?????° Nˆ?°????N?N‚????.
aˆ“ ?????»N????? ???????????° N‡N‚??-N‚?? ?·?°?????µN‚, aˆ“ ??N‚???µN‚???» ?±?°N‚NZN????°.
aˆ“ ??N…, ?·?°?????µN‚? ?? ?????µ ?±???»??N‚-N‚???
?zN‚?µN† ???»?µ??N??°????Nˆ N????°?·?°?», ?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N?, ????N?N‚N? ???µNˆ?µ??Nˆ?µN?N‚???? ?µ???? ?¶??????N‚, ?????±?°?????»?°:
aˆ“ ??N?, N‚?µ???µNˆN? ?? ?·?°??N‹???°N‚N? ???µ ?±N????µN‚.
?? N‚?????? ??Nˆ?µ???µ???? ?±?°N‚NZN????° ?±???»N?N??µ ???µ ?±???»?µ?».
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15. ?? ????N??»N?N?????N†N‹ ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ???°Nˆ???? ?’?°N????»N??µ????N‹ ??N?N…???????? ?? ???µNˆ?µ?????µ ???µ???µ??????N??????µ ?·?°?±???»?µ?»?° ???µ???µN?N‚???°. ???µ??????N? ?±N‹?»?? Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°N‚N?, ?? N?N‚?°?»?? ??Nˆ??N???N‚N? ???°Nˆ??NZ ???° ?»?µN‚??. ?z???° ????N??»?° ?·?° ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ?????µ?? ?? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??, ???? N‚?° N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ??N‚ N?N‚?????? ?±N????µN‚ N‚???»N????? ??Nˆ?µ??, N‡N‚?? ???µ???µN?N‚???° N?????Nˆ?? ??????Nˆ?°????N‚N?N? ?? ?????? ?±N???N?N‚ ?¶??N‚N? N…??Nˆ??N???. ?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ???µ???µ?»NZ ?????° ??N‹?·????Nˆ?????µ?»?° ?? N…???·N???N?N‚???? ???°?»?°?????»??N?N?.
?‘Nˆ?°N‚N? ????N??»N?N?????N†N‹ ???°Nˆ????, ???µNˆ?????????°N…N? ?s?°?»N??·????N????????? ?????µNˆN??????? ??N??±?µNˆ?????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ??. ???µNˆ?°????????N?, ??N?N‚?°??N??µ??N?N?N? ?±?µ?· ???µ?»?° ???? ?·?°??NˆN‹N‚???? N??????µ?? ???±??N‚?µ?»?? ?? ???? N?N‚????N? ??????????N? N????»N????? N???N‹???°??N??µ??N?, ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ???µ?»?µ?»?° ???µNˆ?µ???°N‚N?, N‡N‚???±N‹ ???? ???µ N?????Nˆ?±?µ?», ????N‚????N? N‡N‚?? ?¶???·??N? ?µ???? ???°?»?°????N‚N?N? ?? ???? ???? ?? N‡?µ?? ???µ ?±N????µN‚ ?????µN‚N? ??N??¶??N‹.
?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ??????N??»?µ??N?N‚?????? ??. ???µNˆ?°???????? N?N?N‚Nˆ?????»N?N? ?? ???°?¶?µ ?????µ?» ?????·?????¶????N?N‚N? ?????°?·N‹???°N‚N? ????????N‰N? ??N??¶???°NZN‰????N?N?.
?’?µN??????? 1922 ???????° ????N??»N?N?????N†?° ???°Nˆ??N? ???µ ?????µ?»?° ??N‚ ???µ???? ???·???µN?N‚????. ?z?±?µN??????????µ?????°N? N?N‚????, ?????° ??Nˆ??N??»?° ?·?° N??????µN‚???? ?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N?N‚?µN????»?° ?µ?µ, N????°?·?°??, N‡N‚?? ?±Nˆ?°N‚ ?µ?? ???°????N??µN‚. ?YNˆ??N??»?? ??N?N‚N? ???µN?N?N†?µ??, ?° ????N??µ?? ??N??µ ???µ ?±N‹?»??. ???°Nˆ??N? ????N?N‚N? ????N??»?° ?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????. ???° ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‚???»?° ?µ?µ N??»?????°????:
aˆ“ ?s?°???°N? N‚N‹ ???µN‚?µNˆ???µ?»?????°N?! aˆ“ ??, ???µ?????????? ??????N????°??, ?????±?°?????»?°: A«?Y??N‚?µNˆ????, ????N‚ ?µN‰N‘ ????????, ?????°, N‚Nˆ??, N‡?µN‚N‹Nˆ?µ ???µ???µN‡???°, aˆ“ ?° N??°???° N?N‡??N‚?°?»?° ???? ???°?»N?N†?°??, aˆ“ ?? ?±N????µN‚ N‚?µ?±?µ ???µN?N‚??N‡???°A».
?? ??Nˆ?°?????°, ???° N‡?µN‚??N‘NˆN‚N‹?? ???µ??N? ????N??»?µ ???±?µ???° ??Nˆ??N??»?? ?????»?????¶???°???????µ ????N?N?????.
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16. ?? ????N??»N?N?????N†N‹ ???°Nˆ???? ????N…?°???»??????N‹ ?”?µ??N?N‚?????????? N????µNˆ?»?° ???°N‚N?. ?•N‘ Nˆ?????????? ?±Nˆ?°N‚ ?±N‹?» Nˆ?°?? N?N‚????N?, ?? ??????NˆN‡?µ?????°N? N??µN?N‚Nˆ?° ?????¶?°?»?????°?»?°N?N? ???° ???µ???? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ.
aˆ“ ?YN?N?N‚N? ???µ Nˆ?°??N??µN‚N?N?, ????N‚ ???°?? N????°?»??N‚N?N? ?µN‰N‘ ???µNˆ?µ????, N‚???????° N‡N‚?? ???? ?±N????µN‚ ???????? ???µ?»?°N‚N?? aˆ“ N????°?·?°?»?° ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N?.
?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ?????? N? ???µ???? N????µNˆ?»?° ?¶?µ???°.
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17. ?’ 1926 ??????N? ???????° ???????°N…????N? ??Nˆ??N????»?° ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ????N? N? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ?????¶??N‚N? ?? ????Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°N‚N? N? N‚N‘N‚????.
?–??????N‚?µ-???° ??N‹ ??N??µ ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹Nˆ?µ, ???????° ???°N? ???µNˆ?¶??N‚ ???°N‚?µNˆN? ?‘???¶??N?, ?° N‚?? N‚?°?? ?????±?µ?¶??N‚?µ, N‡N‚?? ??N??µ N‚NˆN??????? ?? ??NˆN??? ???????????°?µN‚?µ, aˆ“ ??N‚???µN‚???»?° ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N?.
???µN‡N‚?? ?????????±?????µ ??Nˆ????N?N…???????»?? ??????N??»?µ??N?N‚?????? ?? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹Nˆ?µ. ?? N??µN?N‚N‘Nˆ ??N‚???????°?»?? ????Nˆ??N?N? ?·?° ????Nˆ??N?N?????, ?????? N‚?µN??????»??N?N?, ?° ???????????µ N?N…???????»?? ??, N‡?°N?N‚?? N‚?°?? ????N????µN?????, N‡N‚?? ???°?¶?µ ???µ N?N????µ???°?»?? ???°?? N??»?µ??N??µN‚ N????±Nˆ?°N‚N? ???µN‰??.
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18. 24 N??µ??N‚N??±NˆN? (N?N‚. N?N‚.) 1928 ???????°, ?·?° ?????° ????N? ???? N????µNˆN‚??, ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° N?????NZ ???µ?»?µ??????N†N? ???°Nˆ??NZ ???????????? ?????°N???N‚?µ?»N? N??? N??»?????°????:
aˆ“ ???µ?±?µ aˆ“ ?? ??N?N‚N? ?????°N???N‚?µ?»?µ??!
?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ??N?????Nˆ?µ ????N??»N?N?????N†?° ???°Nˆ??N? ?????????? ???· ???µNˆ??N‹N… ?±N‹?»?° ??N‹??Nˆ???????¶?µ???° ???· ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ?¶???»?° ?? ???µ???µ??????N??????? ?????µN?N‚?µ N? ??NˆN????????? N??µN?N‚Nˆ?°????, ??????N??»?µ??N?N‚?????? ?±N‹?»?° Nˆ?µ??Nˆ?µN?N???Nˆ?????°???°, N???????N‡?°?»?°N?N? ?? ????N??????µ ??Nˆ?µ???????»???¶??N‚?µ?»N????? ?? 60-70-N… ???????°N… ?? N?N…?????µ.
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19. ???????°N…????N? ???µ?»?°????N? (?‘?°Nˆ?°???????°), ?±N‹??N??°N? ????N??»N?N?????N†?° ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? (1922-29 ????., +1992 ??.), ?? 1921 ??????N?, ?? ?????·Nˆ?°N?N‚?µ 16 ?»?µN‚, ????N??µN‚???»?° ?????µN?N‚?µ N? ??????NˆN????°???? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?. ?s???????° ???µ??N?N????? ????????N??»?? ?????? ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ?????µ ?? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??, N‚?? ?????° N????°?·?°?»?° ???°N‚Nˆ?????µ (????NˆN??????µ ????N? ??????. ???µ?»?°??????):
aˆ“ ???µ?±?µ ???°???? ????N‚?? ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, aˆ“ ?? ??Nˆ?????µ?»?°: "??Nˆ?µ???? ??N?N?N‚?°Nˆ???????°-N????????????????° ??N‹Nˆ??N??»?° ???°?»???????°!"
?zN?N‚?°?»N???N‹?? ?¶?µ ???µ??N?N????°?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°, ??N‚?? ???· ????N… ?????????° ??N‹?????µN‚ ?·?°??N??¶.
?’?µNˆ??N???N???N?N? ??????????, ???°N‚Nˆ?????° N?N‚?°?»?° ??Nˆ??N???N‚N? ???°N‚N? ??N‚??N?N?N‚??N‚N? ?µ?µ ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, N‚?° N????°N‡?°?»?° ???µ N??????»?°N??°?»?°N?N?, ???? N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ?????? N?N?N‚N??????»?° ?? ??N‚???µ?·?»?° ????N‡N? ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?.
?’??????N? ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‚???? ???°N‚Nˆ????N?, ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»N? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?? ??N‹ N‚?µ?±N? ???°?????? ?? N??????? ?·?°????N??°?»??!
?’ ???±??N‚?µ?»?? ????N??»N?N?????N†?° ??Nˆ???¶???»?° N??µ??N? ?»?µN‚, ???? ?µ?µ ?·?°??NˆN‹N‚??N? ?? 1929 ??????N?.
?z?????°?¶??N‹ ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??: "?’ ??????N†?µ ?¶???·???? N‚N‹ ?±N????µN?N? ?????µN‚N? ??N??µ N????µNˆN… ?????»????N‹ ?? ?±N????µN?N? ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹Nˆ?µ". ?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ?????? ???????µN† ?¶???·???? ???????°N…????N? ???µ?»?°????N? ?¶???»?° ?? ????N?N‚?°N‚???µ, ?????»N??·N?N?N?N? N????°?¶?µ?????µ?? Nˆ????N?N‚???µ???????????? ?? ?·???°??????N‹N…, ???? ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? (?????° N…??N‚?µ?»?° ????N?N‚N?????N‚N? ?? ?s???µ??N??????? ?Y????Nˆ????N???????) ?µ?µ ???µ ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?? ????N‚??. ?????»N????? ????N??»?µ N????µNˆN‚??, ?? ????N‚N??±Nˆ?µ 1992 ???????°, N‚?µ?»?? ???????°N…?????? ???µ?»?°?????? ?±N‹?»?? ??Nˆ?????µ?·?µ???? ?? ??????????N‚??NˆN‹??N?????N?N? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?. ?—???µN?N?, ?? N????±??Nˆ?µ, ?±N‹?»?? N??????µNˆN??µ???? ??N‚???µ???°?????µ. ?Y????Nˆ?µ?±?»?? ???????°N…????NZ ???µ?»?°????NZ ???° N?N‚?°Nˆ???? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN??????? ???»?°???±??N‰?µ ?·?° NZ?¶?????? N?N‚?µ?????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ???µ???°?»?µ???? ??N‚ ?????????»???? ?µ?µ ????Nˆ???????? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ? ?°N…???»??. ???°?????? ???±Nˆ?°?·????, N??±N‹?»?°N?N? ??N‚??Nˆ?°N? N‡?°N?N‚N? ??Nˆ??Nˆ??N‡?µN?N‚???°.
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20. ?z?????°?¶??N‹ N…???????»?° ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ???? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆNZ ?? ???°?? ?±N???N‚?? N‡N‚??-N‚?? ??N????°?»?°.
aˆ“ ?§N‚?? ??N‹, ???°N‚N?N????° ??N‰?µN‚?µ?- N???Nˆ??N????»?? N??µN?N‚NˆN‹.
aˆ“ ?”?° ????N‚ ??N‰N? N??µ?±?µ ???µN?N‚??. ??N?N‚ aˆ“ ???µ ???µN?N‚??, ?? N‚N?N‚ aˆ“ ???µ ???µN?N‚??. ?’???????? ?·?° ????Nˆ?°?????? N?N…??Nˆ????N?N‚.
aˆ“ ???°N‚N?N????°, ???° ??N‹ ???°N? ?? ????Nˆ?°???µ ?????»???¶????!
aˆ“ ?”?° ?·?° ????Nˆ?°?????? aˆ“ N‚?°?? N‚???¶?µ N???N?N‚N‹?µ ?»NZ????. ?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ????N??»?µ N????µNˆN‚?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?????µ ?????????»N‹ ???°N‡?????°?»?? NˆN‹N‚N? ???° N‚?µNˆNˆ??N‚??Nˆ???? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ???? ???µN?N‚??N‹?µ ???»?°N?N‚?? ???µ Nˆ?°?·Nˆ?µN????»?? N…??Nˆ??????N‚N? ?µ?µ N‚?°??, ?? ????N…??Nˆ???????»?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N? ???° ???»?°???±??N‰?µ ?·?° NZ?¶?????? N?N‚?µ?????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?.
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21. ???µ?·?°?????»???? ???? N??????µ?? N????µNˆN‚?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ????????Nˆ???»?° N??µN?N‚Nˆ?°??:
aˆ“ ?’?°N? ??N‹??????N?N‚ ???° ??????????, ???? ??N‹ ??????N????° ???µ N??µ?·?¶?°??N‚?µ, ?¶??????N‚?µ NˆN??????? aˆ“ ????N‚???? ????N?N‚N? N????±?µNˆN?N‚. ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ??N‚??Nˆ???µN‚N?N? ?? ???? ??Nˆ??N??µN?N‚????N? ?°??N‚??N…Nˆ??N?N‚?° ?±N????µN‚ N?N?N‰?µN?N‚???????°N‚N?.
?Y??N??»?µ ?·?°??NˆN‹N‚??N? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ???????»?? N?N‚?° N??µN?N‚?µNˆ ???? ???»?°???µ N? ????N????µ?????µ?? ?›???????µ?? ??N?N‚?°?»??N?N? ?¶??N‚N? ?? ???µNˆ?µ?????µ ???µ???µ??????N??????µ, ???° ?????°NˆN‚??Nˆ?°N… N? ??Nˆ?µN?N‚N?N???. ?? ?? ????N??±Nˆ?µ 1930 ???????° ??N… ?·?°?±Nˆ?°?»?? ?? N‚NZNˆN???N?. ?Y??-??????????????N?, ??Nˆ??Nˆ??N‡?µN?N‚???? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ "N????±?µNˆN?N‚" ???·???°N‡?°?»?? ??????N‹?µ ?????????????? ??N????????µ??????N‡?µN?N‚???°, ???° ????N‚??NˆN‹?µ ?????° ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° N???????N… ??N?N…??????N‹N… N‡?°??.
?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ?±N‹?» ?????·??Nˆ?°N‰?µ?? ? N?N?N??????? ?YNˆ?°????N??»?°???????? ?¦?µNˆ??????. 16 ?°????N?N?N‚?° 1992 ???????° N??????µNˆN????»??N?N? ?µ???? ??N‚??NˆN‹N‚???µ.
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22. ?? ?¶??N‚?µ?»N? ???µNˆ?µ?????? ? N??±N?N????????? ? N??·N????????? N??µ?·???° ????N???????N??????? ??N??±?µNˆ?????? ?????????° ?•N„?????????° ?±N‹?» ????Nˆ???? N??µNˆ??N†?° ?? ?±???»?µ?»?? ????????; ???? N?N‚?°?» ?µ?·????N‚N? ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?? ???? ?µ?µ ?????»??N‚???°?? ??N?N†?µ?»???»N?N?.
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23. ?–??N‚?µ?»N?????N†?° N‚???? ?¶?µ ???µNˆ?µ?????? ???????° ?•N„???????????° ?? 1918-1919 ????. N‡?°N?N‚?? ?????????µNˆ???°?»?°N?N? ??Nˆ?????°?????°?? ?±?µN????????°????N?. ?z???° N?N‚?°?»?° N??????µNˆ????N??»??????N‚N?, ???µNˆ?µN?N‚?°?»?° N…??????N‚N? ?? N…Nˆ?°?? ?‘???¶????, ?±??N?N?N?, N‡N‚?? ???? ??Nˆ?µ??N? ???µNˆN???????N??????? ???µN????? ???°N‡???µN‚ ??Nˆ??N‡?°N‚N?; N???????N… ???µN‚?µ??, ????N‚??NˆN‹N… N? ???µ?µ ?±N‹?»?? ????N??µ??N? N‡?µ?»?????µ??, NˆN????°?»?° ?? ??Nˆ?????»?????°?»?°, N…???·N???N?N‚???? ?µ?µ N??»?? ???»??N…??. ???µN?N‡?°N?N‚???°N? ?????????µ ???µ ???°N…???????»?° N??µ?±?µ ????????N?, ?° ???°???°??N????µ ??Nˆ?°?·???????????? ?µ?? N?N‚?°?????????»??N?N? ?µN‰?µ N…N??¶?µ. ?’ ??????N?N‚N‹ ??Nˆ??N????µN‚?»?µ????N? ??.?•. ???»?°???°?»?° ?? N??¶?°N??°?»?°N?N? N??????µ??N? ???????µ???µ????NZ. ?’N?????Nˆ?µ ???µN?N‡?°N?N‚???°N? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ?? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? N?N‚?µN????»?° ?µ?µ ?? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ???????µNˆ?????µ ?¶??N‚???µ ???????µ?»?? N‚?µ?±N? ???? ?????????±?µ?»??. ??N??¶???? ???·?????°N‚N? ???· N‚?µ?±N? ??Nˆ?°???°. ?’??N‚ N???N?N‚?°N? ???????° ?? ??Nˆ??N?N„??Nˆ?° aˆ“ ????N?N??°?? ??N… N???Nˆ???? ?????µ??, ?? "N?N??±?°" N????????µN‚N?N? N? N‚?µ?±N?.
?Y?? ?????»??N‚???°?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ??.?•. ??N?N†?µ?»???»?°N?N?, N?N‚?°?»?° N…??????N‚N? ?? N…Nˆ?°?? ?‘???¶????, N…???·N???N?N‚???? ???°?»?°?????»??N?N?. ?YNˆ?? ??N‚??Nˆ???? ????N??µN‰?µ?????? ?‘??Nˆ?????????° ?????° ???????µ?»?° ?? ??Nˆ??N‡?°N?N‚???»?°N?N?, ????N??»?µ N‡?µ???? ?µ?? N?N‚?°?»?? ?µN‰?µ ?»?µ??N‡?µ.
?—?° N‚Nˆ?? ???????° ??.?•. ???µ??N?N‚N? Nˆ?°?· ?µ?·?????»?° ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?? ??N??µ?????° ?????µ?»?° ??N‚ ???µ?µ ???°N??»?? ?? N???N?N‚N?NZ ??????N?, ????N‚??NˆN‹?µ ??Nˆ?????????°?»?° ?? N??»N?N‡?°?µ ?±???»?µ?·????.
?z?????°?¶??N‹ N? ???µ?µ ?·?°?±???»?µ?»?° ???????°. ?—???°??????N‹?µ ?? ???????°N??????µ ?????????·Nˆ?µ???°?»?? ???µNˆ?µ?»???? ?? N??????µN‚?????°?»?? ?µN…?°N‚N? ?? ?±???»N?????N†N?, ???? ??.?•. ??N‚???°?·?°?»?°N?N?. ?s???????° ??N??µ Nˆ?°?·??N??»??N?N?, ?????° ???????????»?·?»?° ?? ?±???¶????N‡???µ, ????N?N‚?°?»?° ???°N??»??, ???????°?·?°?»?° ??????N?, ?? ??N??µ ??Nˆ??N??»??.
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24. ?•???°N‚?µNˆ?????° ?????°?????????° ??????Nˆ???????° ???· ???µNˆ?µ?????? ???°?»???µ ?s???°??N†?µ???? N‚?????? ?¶?µ N??µ?·???° N‚?°???¶?µ ?±N‹???°?»?° N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ?Y?? ?µ?µ ?????»??N‚???°?? N? ???µ?µ ???????° ?±N‹?»?? ??N??µ ?±?»?°?????????»N?N‡????. ?Y??N??»?µ N????µNˆN‚?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ N? ?•.??. ?·?°?±???»?µ?»?° NˆN????°. ?z???° ??Nˆ????N?N‡???»?°N?N? ???????»?? ???µ???µ?»??, ???????° ???µ ??N????????????»?° ?? N???N?N‚???? ???????µ ?? N‚Nˆ?°?????µ, ??Nˆ?????µ?·?µ????N‹N… ???· ?‘??Nˆ?????????°. ?­N‚???? N???N?N‚N‹???µ?? ?????° ??N?N†?µ?»???»?°N?N? N??°???° ?? ??N‹?»?µN‡???»?° N?????NZ ?»??N??°??N?, ????N‚??Nˆ?°N? ?? N‚?? ??Nˆ?µ??N? N????»N????? N…Nˆ?????°?»?°.
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25. ? ?°N?N????°?· ?????????? ??Nˆ?µN?N‚N?N???????.
?? ????N??µN‚???»?° ????????N?NZ N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N? ? ?°N…???»N? ?????° Nˆ?°?·?° ?? ?¶???·????: ?·?° ???µN?N?N† ?? ?·?° ?????° ????N? ???? ?µ?µ ??????N‡????N‹. ?­N‚?? ??Nˆ?°N‚??????Nˆ?µ???µ???????µ ?·???°??????N?N‚???? ??N?N‚?°?????»?? ???µ???·???»?°??????N‹?? N??»?µ?? ?? ?????µ?? ???°??N?N‚??, ?±?»?°???????°N‚???? ??N‚Nˆ?°?·???»??N?N? ???° N‡?»?µ???°N… ?????µ?? N??µ??N??? ?? ???°?»?? ?????·?????¶????N?N‚N? N??±?µ????N‚N?N?N? ?? N????»?µ ?µ?µ ?????»??N‚?? ??Nˆ?µ?? ?“??N???????????.
?? ???µNˆ??N‹N… ???????????µ?????? ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‡?? N‡N???N?N‚??N??µN‚N?N? N‚?°?????µ ???±?°N??????µ N?N‚???? ?»??N‡????N?N‚??, N‡N‚?? ???µ N…??N‡?µN‚N?N? Nˆ?°N?N?N‚?°???°N‚N?N?N? N? ???µ??. ?Y??Nˆ?°?¶?°?µN?N?N?N? N?N?????N?N‚?? N????° ?? ?»NZ?±???µ???±???»??N?.
aˆ“ ?????? ??N??¶ ?????????????° ???µ ?????»??N‚N?N?, ???µ ???????µ?µN‚, aˆ“ ????????Nˆ???»?° N?, aˆ“ ?? N…??N‚N? ???° N??»?????°N… ???µ ??N‚Nˆ??N†?°?µN‚ ?‘?????°, ???? ?? ???µNˆ?µ N…???»?????µ??.
aˆ“ ?zN‚ N?N‚Nˆ???±N‹ ???°N‚?µNˆ?? ???? ???µNˆN?NZN‰????, ???? ?»N????°??N‹?? ???µ?»?°???? ?·?°N??»????N??µN‚ ???µNˆN?. ?????µ ?±N‹ N…??N‚?µ?»??N?N?... N? ???µNˆNZ, N‡N‚?? ???? N?NZ???° ??Nˆ???µ???µN‚, ???????????µ?µN‚, ?? ??????N‚?? ???µ N??·???°?µN‚ ???± N?N‚????, aˆ“ ??N‚???µN‚???»?° ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°.
?? N????????µ???°?»?°N?N?, N‡N‚?? ??N??¶ N??????»?°N???N‚N?N?. ?Y??N‚???? ???°N‚N?N????° ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° ?????° N??±?»?????°: ???????? ??N??¶N?, ??NˆN??????µ aˆ“ ????N‡?µNˆ??. ?z?±?»?°N????°?????°N?, N? N??µN…?°?»?° ??????????.
?s ?????µ??N? N????????»?µ????NZ, ??N??¶ N??????»?°N????»N?N? ????N??µN‚??N‚N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N?. ?—?° ?????° ????N? ???? ?µ?µ N????µNˆN‚?? ??N‹ ??N‚Nˆ???µ?? ?±N‹?»?? N? ???µ?µ. ?? ???µ??N? ?±N‹?» N„??N‚???°?????°Nˆ?°N‚, ????N‚??NˆN‹?? N? N…??N‚?µ?»?° N???N?N‚N? ???°N‚N?N???N?, ???? ?????° Nˆ?µN???N‚?µ?»N????? ??N‚???°?·?°?»?°N?N?. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?????·???µN??»?° ?·?° ???µ??N? N‡N?????N?NZ ?????»??N‚??N? ?¦?°Nˆ??N†?µ ???µ?±?µN??????? ??, ?????»???¶???? NˆN?N‡??N? ?????µ ???° ?????»????N?, N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ???µ ?±N????µN?N? ?·???°N‚N? ??N??¶??N‹, ??N??¶ ?±N????µN‚ ?±?µNˆ?µN‡N? ???°N? aˆ“ N?N‚?? ?????»?µ?·???µ?µ, N‡?µ?? N???N?N‚N? ???µ??N?.
?Y??N??»?µ ???±?µ??????, ?·?° ????N‚??Nˆ???? ??N??¶ ??Nˆ??N‡?°N?N‚???»N?N?, N? ??Nˆ?µ??N?N‚?°?????»?° ??N… N? ????N‡?µNˆN?NZ ???°N‚N?N????µ ? ?°N…???»??. ?s ?????µ??N? N????????»?µ????NZ, ???? ????N?N?N‚???»N?N? ???µNˆ?µ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ?? ???° ?????»?µ????. ?z???° ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° ?µ???? ??, ???»N???N? ???° ???±Nˆ?°?· ???°N‚?µNˆ?? ?‘???¶???µ??, N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?¦?°Nˆ??N†?° ???µ?±?µN????°N?! ?’N??µ??????N?N‰?µNZ ???µN?????N†?µNZ ???????µNZ Nˆ?°?·???????? ?·?»???±N?, ????NˆN??¶?°NZN‰N?NZ ?µ????! ???°N‚?µNˆN? ?‘???¶??N?, ?±?»?°????N??»?????? ?»NZ???µ??, ????N‚??NˆN‹?µ ?????µ ???? N??µNˆ??N†N?.
?z???°?·?°?»??N?N?, N‡N‚?? ?? N?N‚?? ??Nˆ?µ??N? N? ?????µ???? ??N??¶?° ?±N‹?»?? N??»N??¶?µ?±??N‹?µ ???µ??Nˆ??N?N‚????N?N‚??: ?µ???? ???µN?N‚?? N…??N‚?µ?»?? ??N‚???°N‚N? ??NˆN???????N? ??, N‚?°?? ???°?? ??????N‹ ?·?° ?????? ???µ ?±N‹?»??, ?¶?µ?»?°N? ?µ?µ N????·???°N‚N?, ???»N?N??·????N‡?°?»?? ???° ???µ????. ?? ???± N?N‚???? ???µ ?·???°?»?°. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° ???°N? ??N??µN… ???? ??N‡?µNˆ?µ???? ?±??????Nˆ??????N‡????NZ ??Nˆ??N?N„??Nˆ??NZ, ????N‚??NˆN?NZ ?µ?? ?? N‚??N‚ ???µ??N? ??Nˆ??N??»?°?»??.
?’N?????Nˆ?µ ???° N??»N??¶?±?µ N? ??N??¶?° ?±N‹?»?? N????±Nˆ?°?????µ, ?????µ ???±N?N??¶???°?»N?N? ?µ???? ??????Nˆ??N?. ?Y?? ???µ??????N?N‚?????? ??Nˆ??N‡?????µ ???? ???µ ?±N‹?» Nˆ?µN??µ??, ?° ??N??¶N? ????N??»?µ N?N‚?????? ??N??µ N?N‚?°?»?? ???»?°??N?N‚N?N?N?, ???????????°N‚?? N??»N‹?±?°N?N?N?. ?Y??N??»?µ ????N??µN‰?µ????N? ???°N‚N?N????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?????? ??N??¶ N?N‚?°?» ??N?N‚??????N‹?? N…Nˆ??N?N‚???°??????????.
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26. ??N‹?? ????Nˆ???¶???????? ???°N?N‚?µNˆ?° ????N‚?????° ?????????»?°?µ????N‡?° ?‘????Nˆ?????° N??? N?N‚?°??N†???? ?‘??Nˆ?????????? ?±???»?µ?» ???»N?N??????? N???. ?’??N‚N‚?°. ?Y?? ?????»??N‚???°?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?±???»?µ?·??N? ??N?N‚?°?????»?° ?µ????.
?’ ?????»??????N‹?µ ??????N‹ ??. ?‘????Nˆ???? N??µN…?°?» ?·?° N…?»?µ?±????, ?????»???? ???µ ?????·??Nˆ?°N‰?°?»N?N? ?? ???µ ???°???°?» ?? N??µ?±?µ ?·???°N‚N?. ?–?µ???° ?µ???? ????N??»?°?»?° ????N‡N? ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ N? ??Nˆ??N?N??±???? ?????????»??N‚N?N?N? ?? ???µ??. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ???°?»?° ???µ????N‡???µ ??NˆN????»N‹?? N…?»?µ?±?µN† ?? ???µ?»?µ?»?° N?????Nˆ?µ?? ?±?µ?¶?°N‚N? ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‡?°N‚N? ??N‚N†?°. ?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ?? N‚??N‚ ?¶?µ ???µ??N?, ?? ???±?µ??N?, ?‘????Nˆ???? ?????·??Nˆ?°N‚???»N?N?.
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27. ?? ?Y?°Nˆ?°N????µ??N‹ ?“N?NˆN?N?????????N‹ ???????»?µ??????, ?¶??N‚?µ?»N?????N†N‹ N??µ?»?° ?”Nˆ???????????°, ?? ????N??????µ ?¶???»?° ???µ???µN?N‚???°-?????????° N? ???°?»?µ??N??????? ????N‡??????. ?? ???????? ???µ?»?°N?N? Nˆ?µ??N??»N?Nˆ???°N? ???µNˆ?µ????N????°. ???? ????NˆN??? ????N?N????° ???µNˆ?µN?N‚?°?»?? ??Nˆ??N…??????N‚N?. ???????»?µ???° ??N?N‚Nˆ?µ?????¶???»?°N?N? ?? N?N‚?°?»?° Nˆ?°?·N‹N????????°N‚N? ???µ???µN?N‚??N? N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ????N???????N?????N… ?·???°??????N‹N…. ?§?µNˆ?µ?· N‡?µN‚N‹Nˆ?µ ???????°, ???µN??????? 1926-????, ?Y?°Nˆ?°N????µ???° ?“N?NˆN?N??????????° ??????Nˆ??N????»?° Nˆ?°N?N???Nˆ??N???N‚N? ?? ??Nˆ?????°??N??µ?? ???µ???µN?N‚???µ N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?z???° ?¶?????°, ???? ?? ????N??????µ ?µ?µ ???µN‚. ?? ???µ?? N??»N?N‡???»??N?N? ?????µ-N‡N‚??, ???? ?????° ?¶?????°. ?”?° ?????° N??°???° N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ?????»???????° ?µ?? ???µN?N‚??N‡??N? ??Nˆ??N??»?µN‚.
?­N‚?? ?±N‹?»?? ?? ?????µN‚?»N‹?? ?’N‚??Nˆ?????? ?? ?? ??N??µ???? N??¶?µ ?·?°?±N‹?»??N?N?, ?° 23 ????N‚N??±NˆN? ??Nˆ??N??»?? ??Nˆ?°N‚?????µ ????N?N????? ??N‚ ????N?N‡????, ?? ????N‚??Nˆ???? ?????° N??????±N‰?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?????? N? ???°N‚?µNˆN?NZ ?¶????N?N‚ ?? ???°Nˆ?????µ. ??N?N‚-N‚?? ?? ??N????????????»??N?N? N??»?????° N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹. ?Y??N?N‡??N‚?°?»??, ?? ?????°?·?°?»??N?N?, N‡N‚?? Nˆ???????? ?????»???????° ??Nˆ??N??»??.
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28. ? ?°N?N????°?· ????????N‹ ?•?»?µ??N‹ ?????????»?°?µ????N‹ ?“Nˆ?°???µ, ???· ??. ? N??·N‹ ????N???????N??????? ???±?»?°N?N‚??.
?”?µ??N?N‚N? ?»?µN‚ ???°?·?°?? N? ?????µNˆ??N‹?µ N?N??»N‹N??°?»?° ?? ???????????? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ?? ?·?°N…??N‚?µ?»??N?N? ???????????°N‚N? ?µ?µ, ???? N??»N?N‡?°N? ???µ ??Nˆ?µ??N?N‚?°???»N??»??N?N?. ???°N‚N?N????° ? ?°N…???»N? ??Nˆ??N??????»?°N?N? ?????µ ???? N????µ. ?z???° ?±?µN??µ???????°?»?° N??? ????????, N?N‚?µN????»?°, N?N????????????»?° ?·N??±??N?NZ ?±???»N?, ?° ???° ??Nˆ??N‰?°??N??µ ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° N??? N??»?????°????:
aˆ“ ??N‹ ?µN‰?µ N???????????N?N? N? ???°????, N‚?µ???µNˆN? ??N‹ ??Nˆ???µ?·?¶?°??N‚?µ ???? ?????µ.
aˆ“ ???°N‚N?N????°, N?N‚?? N????????°?????µ, ???µNˆ??N?N‚????, ???µNˆ?????µ ?? ????N??»?µ?????µ?µ aˆ“ N? N‡N???N?N‚??N?NZ, N‡N‚?? N?????Nˆ?? N???NˆN?.
???°N‚N?N????° ? ?°N…???»N? ??Nˆ??N?N‚?°?»N????? ???° ???µ??N? ????N?????N‚Nˆ?µ?»?° ?? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?z, ???µN‚, ??N‹ ?µN‰?µ ?????¶?????µN‚?µ, ?? ??N‹ N???????????N?N?. ?YNˆ???µ?·?¶?°??N‚?µ!
?Y??N??»?µ N?N‚?????? N????° ???µ??N? N? ?????????? N????»???? ????N‚N???N??»?? ?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????, ?? N? ??N?????Nˆ?µ ?????µN…?°?»?° ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ. ?s?°???????? ?¶?µ ?±N‹?»?? ?????µ N????????»?µ?????µ, ?????????° N? N????????µ?»?° ??????N‡??NZ N‚N?, ????N‚??Nˆ?°N? ?±N‹?»?° ???? N????µ. ?? ????N?N‚N? N????°?·?°?»?° ???°N‚N?N????µ ?? N??????µ?? ??Nˆ?µ??N‡N???N?N‚?????? ?±?»???·?????? N????µNˆN‚??. ?z???° ??N‚???µN‚???»?° N‚?°?? ?¶?µ, ???°?? ?? ???? N????µ.
????N?N?N‚N? ???µN??????»N????? ???µN?N?N†?µ??, N? ????N?N‚N? ????N??µN‚???»?° N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N? ? ?°N…???»N?. ?Y?? ????Nˆ?????µ N? ?·?°N?N‚N??????»?° ?±???»N??????? ?·N??±, ?? ?????????° N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ???°N‡?°?»?° ???°N? N?????N‰?°N‚N?, N‚?? N? ??N‹??N??¶???µ???° ?±N‹?»?° ??N‚???°?·?°N‚N?N?N?. ???°N‚N?N????° N‚??N‚N‡?°N? ?¶?µ N?N‡?°N?N‚?»?????? Nˆ?°N?N???Nˆ??N????»?° ?? ?????µ?? ?±???»N??????? ?·N??±?µ, ????N??»?µ N‡?µ???? ?µN‰?µ N??±?µ????N‚?µ?»N????µ?µ ?? ???°N?N‚????N‡?????µ?µ N?N‚?°?»?° ?????µ ??Nˆ?µ???»?°???°N‚N? N??????µ???? ??Nˆ??????N‚?????»?µ????N? N…?»?µ?±N†?° ?? ???°Nˆ?????????°???????? N??µ?»?µ??????, ?° N??°???° ???°N‡?°?»?° N? ???°???? ?±?µN??µ???????°N‚N?. ?’?? ??Nˆ?µ??N? Nˆ?°?·????????Nˆ?° N? N?????N??µ?? ?·?°?±N‹?»?° ?? ?·N??±?????? ?±???»??. ?’N????????????»?° ?? ???µ?? N‚???»N????? N‚???????°, ?????????° N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ????????N? ???µ??N? N?N‚?°?»?° N?????N‰?°N‚N?, ?? N? ?µ?»?°, ???µ N‡N???N?N‚??N?N? N??¶?µ ???????°?????? ?±???»??. ?? N‚?µN… ????Nˆ ??Nˆ??N??»?? N‚Nˆ?? ???????°, ?? ?·N??± ???µ ?±???»??N‚ ?? ???µ ?±?µN???????????N‚ ???µ??N?.
?Y??N??»?µ?????µ?µ ?????µ N????????°?????µ N? ???°N‚N?N??????? ? ?°N…???»N?NZ ?±N‹?»?? ?? 20-N… N‡??N??»?°N… ???°N? 1926 ???????°. ?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ?? ?‘??Nˆ?????????? N? ??????Nˆ??N??°????, ???°N??°NZN‰??????N?N? ??N?N…?????????? ?¶???·????. ?’??????N? ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, N? N????????µ?»?° N‚?°?? ?????????? ?±???????????»N?N†?µ??, ?¶?µ?»?°??N???N… ????N??µN‚??N‚N? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N?, N‡N‚?? ????N‚?µNˆN??»?° ??N?N???N?NZ ???°???µ?¶??N? ???????????°N‚N?N?N? N? ???µ??. ??N‚??N? ???° ??NˆN‹?»?µN‡???µ ?µ?µ ???µ?»????, ???µNˆ?µ?????»???µ???????? ???°Nˆ????????, N? ??????NˆN??·???»?°N?N? ?? N??????? ???µ???µN??µ?»N‹?µ ??N???N‹. ?’??NˆN??? N‡N???N?N‚??N?NZ, N‡N‚?? ??N‚??-N‚?? N‚??N…?? ????N‚Nˆ?°???????°?µN‚N?N? ???? ?????µ???? ???»?µN‡?°. ?z?±?µNˆ??N???N???N?N?, ?????¶N? ???µNˆ?µ?? N????±??NZ N??»N‹?±?°NZN‰N?NZN?N? ?????»N?NZ, ?????±NˆN?NZ ???°N?N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N?. ?z???° ???±?»?°N????°?»?° ???µ??N?, ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° ?? N‚N?N‚ ?¶?µ N??°???° ???°N‡?°?»?° ????????Nˆ??N‚N? ?????µ?????? ?? N‚????, ?? N‡?µ?? N? N…??N‚?µ?»?° N? ???µNZ ?????±?µN??µ???????°N‚N?.
?? ??Nˆ???±N‹?»?° ?? ???±??N‚?µ?»?? N??µN?N‚N? ?????µ??. ?z?????° ?·???°???????°N? ????NˆN?N‡???»?° ?????µ ??????Nˆ??N???N‚N? N? ???°N‚N?N????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?·?°??N‡???????? ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ????N? ?? N???N?N‚???? ??????N‹, ???? N? ??N??µ ?±??N??»?°N?N? ?·?°N‚NˆN???????N‚N? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N? N?N‚???? ??Nˆ??N?N??±????. ?—?° ?????° ????N? ???? ??N‚NS?µ?·???°, N????????µ?? ???????»?? ???°N‚N?N??????????? ?±???¶????N†N‹ ?±???»N?N?N?NZ N?N‚?µ???»N?????N?NZ ?±N?N‚N‹?»N?, ?????»??N?NZ ??????N‹ ?? ?°????N?Nˆ?°N‚???? ?·?°??N??·?°????N?NZ, N? Nˆ?µN????»?°N?N? ???±Nˆ?°N‚??N‚N?N?N? ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ N??? N????????? ????NˆN?N‡?µ?????µ??. ?z???° N‚??N‚N‡?°N? ???????°?»?° ?·?°???µN‡?µ????N?NZ ??????NZ ?±N?N‚N‹?»??N? N??? N??»?????°????:
aˆ“ ?”?°-???°, ??N‚???µ?·??N‚?µ ?µ?? ?? ???µNˆ?µ???°??N‚?µ ?????µ ?·?°??N‡?????µ ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ?????µ.
?? ??????N??»?°, N‡N‚?? ???????° ?±N‹?»?° ??Nˆ??????N‚?????»?µ???° ???»N? ???µ??N?. ???° ??Nˆ??N‰?°??N??µ ???°N‚N?N????° N????°?·?°?»?° ?????µ, N‡N‚?? ???????????° ??N?????Nˆ?µ Nˆ?µ?·???? ???·???µ????N‚N?N?, ?±N????µN‚ ???µ???°N?N‚N??µ, ????N…???»?????°?µN‚. ???° ???µ?±?µ N‚???????° ???µ ?±N‹?»?? ???? ???±?»?°N‡???°, ?? N? ???µ ???????µNˆ???»?°, N‡N‚?? ?????·?????¶???° N‚?°???°N? N?????Nˆ?°N? ???µNˆ?µ???µ???°, ?° ???°N‚N?N????° ??N?N‘ N‚??Nˆ???????»?° ???µ??N?. ?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ??Nˆ???·?° ?·?°N?N‚?°?»?° ???µ??N? ?·?° N‡?µN‚???µNˆN‚N? ???µNˆN?N‚N‹ ???? N?N‚?°??N†????. ?Y?????????° ??N?????NˆN‚???»?°N?N?. ???µ???°N?N‚N??µ ??Nˆ???????»?¶?°?»??N?N? ?????????»N????? ?????»????.
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29. ?’ ??. ?“?¶?°N‚N????µ (??N‹???µ ??. ?“?°???°Nˆ???? ???????»?µ??N??????? ???±?».), ?¶???» ???·?????·N‡????, N?N‚Nˆ?°???°??N????? N????»N???N‹???? ?·?°????N?????. ?z?? Nˆ?°?·??Nˆ???» N??µ??N?NZ. ?•???? ?¶?µ???°, N??·???°??, N‡N‚?? ?·???°??????N‹?µ ?µ??N?N‚ ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??, ??????Nˆ??N????»?° ??N… Nˆ?°N?N????°?·?°N‚N? ?? N??????µ?? N?????Nˆ?±?? ?? N??·???°N‚N?, ?????¶???? ?»?? ?? ???µ?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°N‚N?. ?YNˆ??N?N??±?° ?±N‹?»?° ??N‹?????»???µ???°. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??N‚???µN‚???»?°:
aˆ“ ?YNˆ???µ?·?¶?°N‚N? ?µ?? ?? N‚Nˆ?°N‚??N‚N?N?N? ???µ ??N??¶????, ?????? ?? N‚?°?? ??N‡?µ??N? ?±?µ????N‹. ?YN?N?N‚N? N?????????Nˆ??N‚ ??N??¶?° ???µ ????N‚N? N…??N‚N? ?±N‹ N‚Nˆ?? ????N?. ?’ N?N‚?? ??Nˆ?µ??N? ??N?N?N‚N? ??N?N‘N‚ ???»NZ?????µ????N‹?? ????NˆN? ?? N„NˆN???N‚????N‹?µ ??????N‹, ?° N? ?????????»NZN?N? ?·?° ???µ????. ?•N??»?? ???? ??N‹???µNˆ?¶??N‚, ?????¶???? ???°???µN?N‚N?N?N?, N‡N‚?? N? ????????N‰N?NZ ?‘???¶???µ?? N?????N??µ?? ?±Nˆ??N???N‚ ????N‚N?. ?‘?µ?????°N? ?¶?µ??N‰?????° N?????????Nˆ???»?° N?N???NˆN????°: ???? N‚Nˆ?? ????N? ?????» ??????N?, ?????????? ???µ ???°N??°?»N?N?, ?° ????N‚???? N??¶?µ N??°?? ???µ N…??N‚?µ?» ????N‚N?.
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30. ?–??N‚?µ?»N? ???µNˆ?µ?????? ?s?°?»N??¶N??????µ ?‘?°N‚NZN???????N??????? ?????»??N?N‚??, ?¤?µ????Nˆ ???µ???µ????????N‡ ?s?°?»???°??????, N?N‚Nˆ?°???°?» N????»N???N‹???? ?·?°????N?????. ? ?°?·??NˆN??»??N?N? N…???·N???N?N‚????, ?? N??µ??N??µ ?±N‹?»?? N????°?????°?»N‹. ?’ 1922 ??????N? 25 ?°??Nˆ?µ?»N? ?µ???? ?¶?µ???°, ?Y?µ?»?°????N? ?????°?????????°, N??·???°?? ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ? ?°N…???»??, N?????????Nˆ???»?° ??N??¶?° N?NS?µ?·????N‚N? ?? ???µ??.
?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ??Nˆ????N??»?° ??N… ?? N??±?µ?¶???°?»?° ?¤.??. ?????·???µNˆ?¶?????°N‚N?N?N? ??N‚ ???????°. ?z?? N??????»?°N????»N?N?, ???? N‡?µNˆ?µ?· N‚Nˆ?? ???µN?N?N†?° N????????° ?·?°?????». ?s?°?»???°??????N‹ ????N?N‚N? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?? ?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????. ?’N?N‚Nˆ?µN‚???? ??N…, N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?Y?µ?»?°????NZ ?????°????????N? ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?°, ?° ?¤?µ????Nˆ?° ???µ???µ????????N‡?° N?N…???°N‚???»?° ?·?° N‡N??± ?? ????????Nˆ??N‚:
aˆ“ ???µ?±N? ???°???? ????N‚?°N????°N‚N?, N‚N‹ ???µ ??N??????»?????» ?·?°???µN‚N‹ ??????!
aˆ“ ???°N‚N?N????°, ?????????»??N?N? ?·?° ???µ??N?, ???????°?? ???µ ??????N? ?????·???µNˆ?¶?°N‚N?N?N? ??N‚ ???????°, aˆ“ ????N????»??????N??» ?s?°?»???°??????, N????°?? ?? ?µ?µ ???????°??.
aˆ“ ?? N‚N‹ ?????µ?? ???µNˆN? ?? ?‘?????° ?? ?±N???N? ????N??»N?N???N‹?? N?N‹??????. ?s???????° N‚?µ?±?µ ?±N???N?N‚ ??Nˆ?µ???»?°???°N‚N? ??N‹????N‚N?, ??????N????°?? N‚???»N?????, N‡N‚?? N‚?µ?±?µ ???°N‚N?N????° ???µ ???µ?»?µ?»?°.
?¤.??. ??N??????»?????» ?µ?µ ?·?°???µN‚ ?? N? N‚?µN… ????Nˆ ?±???»N?N??µ ???µ ?????».
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31. ?z?????° ??Nˆ?µN?N‚N?N??????° ??Nˆ?????µ?·?»?° ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ????N‡N? ??N???Nˆ??N???N‚N? ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ????N? ???° ?·?°??N??¶?µN?N‚????. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??????Nˆ???±???? ??????N??°?»?° ?¶?µ????N…?° ?? ?µ???? N??µ??N?NZ, ???°?? ?±N???N‚?? N…??Nˆ??N??? ??N… ?·???°?»?°, ?? ??Nˆ???±?°?????»?°:
aˆ“ ?’??N‚ ???????° ?????µ Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?»?°: ??Nˆ???µN…?°?» ?? ?????? ?????????? ?¶?µ????N…. ??N??±?° aˆ“ ???° ???µ?? N??¶ ??N‡?µ??N? N…??Nˆ??N??°N?, ???????°N?, ????Nˆ?????°N?, ?° ?»?µ??N‹?? ???°Nˆ???°?? ?±?µ?»N‹???? ????N‚???°???? ?·?°N???N‚. ?‘N‹N‚N? N‚?µ?±?µ ?·?° ??????.
???°N?N‚?°?»?? N???N?N‚????. ?YNˆ???µ?·?¶?°?µN‚ ?? ????N‡?µNˆ?? ?¶?µ????N…. ??N??±?° ???° ??N‘?? aˆ“ ???????°N?, N? ????Nˆ???????? ????Nˆ??N‚??????????. ?Y??N?????N‚Nˆ?µ?»?° ???°N‚N? ???° ?»?µ??N‹?? ???°Nˆ???°??, ?° ???? ???°N????µN… ?·?°N???N‚ ?±?µ?»N‹???? ????N‚???°????. ?z???° ?±N‹?»?° ????N‚NˆN?N??µ???° ??Nˆ???·??Nˆ?»??????N?N‚N?NZ ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????.
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32. ?’ 1922 ??????N?, ?????????° ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ?±???»?µ?»?°, ?? ???µ?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?» ???µ??N‚?? ???· N??µ?»?° ?sN?Nˆ?°???????°, ?“?°??Nˆ?????» ?¤??????N‡, ?±?????°N‚N‹NˆN? ???? N‚?µ?»??N??»???¶?µ????NZ, ?? ?????»?°???°N?, N‡N‚?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N?????Nˆ?? N???Nˆ?µN‚, N?N‚?°?» N? ???µ?? ??Nˆ??N‰?°N‚N?N?N?. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ?¶?µ, N??»N‹?±??N???N???N?N?, Nˆ?°N?N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??N? ?±?°N???NZ "?”N??± ?? N‚Nˆ??N?N‚N?":
aˆ“ ?”N??±-N‚?? ??????N?N‡???? ?±N‹?» ?? ??N??µ N…???°?»???»N?N? N??????µ?? ??Nˆ?µ????N?N‚N?NZ ???µNˆ?µ?? N‚Nˆ??N?N‚??????????. ?’??N‚ ???°?»?µN‚?µ?»?° ?±N?NˆN? ?? N??»?????°?»?° ??N??±, ?° ???°?»?µ??N????°N?, N‚?????µ??N????°N? N‚Nˆ??N?N‚???????° ??Nˆ??????N??»?°N?N? ?? ?·?µ???»?µ. ?s???????° ?±N?NˆN? ??Nˆ??N??»?°, ??N??± ???°?»N??»N?N? ???° ?·?µ???»?µ, ?° N‚Nˆ??N?N‚???????° ??N‹??NˆN??????»?°N?N?. ???°??-N‚??, ?“?°??Nˆ?????» ?¤??????N‡, ??N?N????? ?±N‹???°?µN‚!
?YNˆ??N??»?? ???µN?N?N‚N? ?????µ??. ?’ ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ?¶?µ???° ?“?°??Nˆ?????»?° ?¤??????N‡?° ?? N??????±N‰???»?°, N‡N‚?? ???? N?????Nˆ??????N?N‚???¶???? N???????N‡?°?»N?N?.
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33. ?z????????N? ?????»????????N? N‡?µ?»?????µ??N?, Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°??N??µ??N? ?? ?????????µNˆ?°N†????, ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? N????°?·?°?»?°: "??????N? N?N‡?°N?N‚N? aˆ“ ?? ?????µNˆ???»????N????µ".
?YNˆ??N??µ?» ??????, ?????????µNˆ?°N‚???? ??Nˆ??????Nˆ?µ?» ?? ??N??µN… N??»N??¶?°N‰??N… ??Nˆ?????»?µ???»?? ?? ??N‚???µN‚N?N‚???µ??????N?N‚??. ???° ?????»NZ ?????»?????????? N‡?µ?»?????µ???° ??N‹???°?»?? ??N?N‚N?N???N‚ NˆN??±?»?µ??. ?Y?µNˆ?µ?? N?N???????, N???NˆN?N‡?µ????N‹??, ???? ?????µN…?°?» ?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ. ?z???° ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‚???»?° ?µ????, N?N‚?µN????»?° ?? N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?? ???µ??N? ??Nˆ?????µN‚ N‡?µ?»?????µ?? ?? ??Nˆ?????µN??µN‚ ??N?N‚N?N???N‚ NˆN??±?»?µ??. ?•??N? ???µ ???µNˆ???»??N?N? ?? N?N‚??. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??N?: "?????????°?? ???° ???°N‚?µNˆN? ?‘???¶??NZ aˆ“ ?z???° ??N??µ N?N?N‚Nˆ????N‚."
???µ N?N????µ?» ?????»???????? N‡?µ?»?????µ?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°N‚N? ?????????? ?? Nˆ?°N?N????°?·?°N‚N? ?¶?µ???µ ?? ????N??µN‰?µ?????? ?‘??Nˆ?????????°, ???°?? ????NˆN??? ??N‚????Nˆ???»?°N?N? ?????µNˆN?, ????N??µ?» ???µ??N‚?? ?•.??. ?? N????°?·?°?»:
aˆ“ ?’?°?? N??µ??N‡?°N? ??N??¶??N‹ ???µ??N?????. ?’??N‚, ?????·N?????N‚?µ ??N?N‚N?N???N‚ NˆN??±?»?µ??. ???µ ?·?°N‚NˆN?????N???N‚?µN?N? ??N‚???°???°N‚N? ??N…, N? ???µ ????N‚Nˆ?µ?±N?NZ ???µ???µ??, ?µN??»?? N? ???°N? ??N… ???µ ?±N????µN‚.
??N??????° ?±N‹?»?° ?????µN??µ???°, ?????»???????? N‡?µ?»?????µ?? ???·?±?°?????»N?N? ??N‚ N?N????µ?±?????? ??N‚???µN‚N?N‚???µ??????N?N‚??, ???? ???µN?N‚?° ?»??N????»N?N?. ?§?µNˆ?µ?· ???µ????N‚??Nˆ???µ ??Nˆ?µ??N? ?µ??N? ??Nˆ?µ???»???¶???»?? ?????»?¶????N?N‚N? ??Nˆ?????°?·N‡?????° ?? ?¶?µ?»?µ?·????????Nˆ???¶?????? ?±N?N„?µN‚?µ. ?–?µ???° ?·?°?±?µN????????????»?°N?N?, N‡N‚?? ???? ?±N????µN‚ ??N‹???????°N‚N?, ?° ?????????? ?? ???????µ?????? ???µ ???????µN??µN‚. ?????»???????? N‡?µ?»?????µ?? ????N?N‚N? ?????µN…?°?» ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?·?° N??????µN‚????. ???° N?Nˆ?°?·N? ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° ?µ????, N????°?·?°??: "?Y??N??»N??¶??N?N? aˆ“ ?? ?? NˆNZ?????µ ???µ ??Nˆ??N‚Nˆ?????µN?N?N?N?."
?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ??Nˆ??Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°?? ???° N?N‚???? ???µN?N‚?µ ???µ??N?N‚N? ???µN?N?N†?µ??, ???? ???? Nˆ?°?·N? ???µ ??N‹?????» ???????°. ?? N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ?????° ???????°, ????N??»?µ N‚??????, ???°?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??N? "N‚????N? N?N‡?°N?N‚N? aˆ“ ?? ?????µNˆ???»????N????µ", ???? N? ?±Nˆ?°N‚???? N??µN…?°?» ?? N?N‚??N‚ ????Nˆ????.
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34. ?’ 1922 ??????N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ? ?°N…???»N? ????N??µN‚???»?° ?????»?????°N? ?¶?µ??N‰?????°, ?¶?µ?»?°??N??°N?, N‡N‚???±N‹ ?µ?µ ??N??¶ Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°?» ?? ????N??????µ. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? N??°???° N????°?¶?µN‚ ?µ??N?, ?????????° ?µN…?°N‚N?. ?’ 1924 ??????N? N?N‚?° ????N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»N?????N†?° ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° N??¶?µ N? ??N??¶?µ??. ?z?±Nˆ?°N‚????N???N?N? ?? ???µ??N?, N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?µ??N? ??Nˆ??N??»?? ??Nˆ?µ??N? ?µN…?°N‚N? ?? ????N?????N?. ?Y?? ????Nˆ?????µ ?? ????N?????N?, ???? ?·?°?µN…?°?» ?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° ?µ???? ?? ???µ?»?µ?»?° ???° N‚Nˆ?µN‚???? ???µ??N? ??Nˆ??N??»?°N‚N? ?µ?? ??Nˆ?°N‚?????µ ????N?N?????: "???°N‚N?N????°, N? ????N?N‚N??????»". ?????»???????? N‡?µ?»?????µ?? N?N??????????»N?N?, N‡N‚?? ???? N‚?°?? ?±N‹N?N‚Nˆ?? N?N?N‚Nˆ????N‚N?N?, ???µ ?????µN? ?? ????N??????µ ???????°????N… N???N??·?µ?? ?z?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?» N‚N????°, ??Nˆ??N…???????» ?????° ????N? ?±?µ?· ???µ?»?°, ???° N‚Nˆ?µN‚???? ???µ??N? N?N‚Nˆ???? ??N?N‚?°?????????»N?N? N? ??Nˆ?µN…????Nˆ???????? N…??????N‡?µN????????? ?·?°???????°. ?’??NˆN??? ???· ????Nˆ??N‚ ??N‹N??µ?» N‡?µ?»?????µ?? ?? N???Nˆ??N????» ?µ????:
aˆ“ ?’N‹ ?›.?
aˆ“ ?”?°. ?? aˆ“ ?±?µ?· ???µ?»?°. ???µ???°?????? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?» ?? ????N?????N? ??N????°N‚N? ???µN?N‚??.
aˆ“ ?•N??»?? N…??N‚??N‚?µ, ??N‹ ?????·N????µ?? ???°N?.
???°?? ?????»???????? N‡?µ?»?????µ?? N?N?N‚Nˆ?????»N?N?, ?° ???µN‡?µNˆ???? ???°????N??°?» ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ.
?›?µN‚???? 1928 ???????° ?›. ??Nˆ???µN…?°?» ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? N??? N??????µ?? ?¶?µ??????. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??N?:
aˆ“ ???µ?±?µ ?±N????µN‚ ??N‡?µ??N? N…N????? aˆ“ ?±N????µN?N? ???µ??N? ??N????????????°N‚N?. ??????N????° ???µ N??°N‚?°??N?N?, ???µNˆ?¶??N?N? ??Nˆ?°?????? N?N‚??Nˆ????N‹. ?”?µ??N????° ?????°-N‚Nˆ?? ???° ??????Nˆ?µ ????N?N‚????N?N?, ?° ????N‚???? ??N??µ ?±N????µN‚ N…??Nˆ??N???.
???°?? ?? N??»N?N‡???»??N?N?. ?YNˆ?? N??»??N??????? ?·?°?????????? ?? N?????Nˆ?°N‰?µ?????? N??»N??¶?°N‰??N… ?›. ??Nˆ??N??»??N?N? N‚Nˆ?? ????N? Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°N‚N? ??????Nˆ??????????, ?° ?? ???µN‡?µNˆN? N‚Nˆ?µN‚N??µ???? ????N? ???? ?±N‹?» ????N?N?N‚?°???????»?µ?? ???° N?????N‚???µN‚N?N‚??N?NZN‰N?NZ ?????»?¶????N?N‚N?.
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35 ?–??N‚?µ?»N? N?. ?”Nˆ????????????, ???µNˆ???µ?? ?‘?°N????? ???°N‡?°?» ?·?°????????N‚N? N????±N?N‚???µ???????µ N…???·N???N?N‚???? ?? ?“?¶?°N‚N????µ. ?‘N‹?» ???? N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??, N‡N‚???±N‹ ?????»N?N‡??N‚N? ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ?????µ ???° N??°????N?N‚??N?N‚?µ?»N???N?NZ ?¶???·??N?. ? ?°N?N???Nˆ??N????? ?µ???? ?? ???µ?»?°N… ?? N??·???°??, N‡N‚?? ??N‚?µN† ?µ??N? ????N‡?µ???? ???µ ???°?», ???°?¶?µ ????Nˆ????N?, ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?—?° N‚????NZ ?????±Nˆ??N‚N? ?? ??Nˆ??N?N‚??N‚N?, ???µNˆ?µ?¶?µ??N????°, ??N‚?µN† N??°?? ??Nˆ?????µ???µN‚ N‚?µ?±?µ ????Nˆ??????N?.
?? ??Nˆ?°?????°, ????N? N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ?????°-N‚Nˆ??, ???????µ?? ???µ ??????N??¶???°?µ??N‹??, ??N‚?µN† N??°?? ??Nˆ?????µ?» ????Nˆ????N? ?? ?“?¶?°N‚N???.
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36. ?z?????°?¶??N‹ ???µ???°N? ?????°N?N‚?°N???N? ????N??µN‚???»?° ??Nˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ? ?°N…???»N?. ?s???????° ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??N‹N??»?°, ????N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»N?????N†?°, ??N????°N‚Nˆ?????°N? ???µ?»??NZ, ???±Nˆ?°N‚???»?° ?????????°?????µ ???µ ?µ?µ ????N?N‚?µ?»N? ?? ??????N????°?»?°: "?“??????NˆN?N‚, N‡N‚?? ???????????¶???????? N???N?N‚ ???° ?????»N‹N… ????N????°N…, ?° ?·???µN?N? aˆ“ N‚?°?????µ ??N?N…??????N‡????! ?????°N‚N?-N‚?? ??N???????!" ?YNˆ??N…??????N‚ ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N?, ??????N…??????N‚ ?? ????N?N‚?µ?»??, N????°NˆN??µN‚ ???? ??????N?N????µ ?? ????????Nˆ??N‚:
aˆ“ ?’??N‚ ?????? ??N?N… aˆ“ N†?µ?????? ?±N?N…!
?YNˆ?? N?N‚???? ?·?°N?N?NˆN??°?»?° N????»?????°, ?? ?????°N?N‚?°N???N? ??N‹??N??¶???µ???° ?±N‹?»?° ??Nˆ??N???N‚N? ??Nˆ??N‰?µ?????µ ?·?° N??????? ??Nˆ?µN???N‹?µ ??N‹N??»??.
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37. ???µ???°N? ?•.?s. ??Nˆ?°?????????° ???· ??.?z??????N†?????°, ????N???????N??????? ???±?»?°N?N‚??, N‡?°N?N‚?°N? ????N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»N?????N†?° ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??, ?? 1927 ??????N? ??Nˆ?????µ?·?»?° ?? ???µ?? N??????µ???? 11-?»?µN‚???µ???? ????N????°, N? ????N‚??Nˆ?????? ?±N‹?»?° ??NˆN‹?¶?°. ??????N? ?? ???µ?»???? N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ?·?° N‡?°?µ??, ?????° Nˆ?°?·??N‹N??»N??»?°, N‡N‚?? N…??Nˆ??N??? ?±N‹ ?±N‹?»??, ?µN??»?? ?±N‹ ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ?????????»???»?°N?N? ???± ??N?N†?µ?»?µ?????? Nˆ?µ?±?µ?????° ?? ?? N‚????, N‡N‚???±N‹ N? ???µ???? ?±N‹?» N?N‚Nˆ?°N… ?‘???¶????. ?’??NˆN??? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?·???°?µN‚ ?¶?µ?»?°?????µ ?•.?s. ?? N‡N‚?? ???°?»N?N‡???? ?±N????µN‚ ?·????Nˆ???? (?° ?µ??N? ??N??¶???° ?±N‹?»?° ?????µNˆ?°N†??N?), ?? N‚N?N‚ ?¶?µ ???µNˆ?µ???µ?????»?° N‚?µ??N? Nˆ?°?·????????Nˆ?°.
?s???????° ??Nˆ?°?????????° ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ??????????, N‚?? ???±???°NˆN??¶???»?°, N‡N‚?? ????N??? N??????µNˆN??µ?????? ?·????Nˆ????.
?z?????°?¶??N‹ ?•.?s. ?????¶?°?»?????°?»?°N?N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????, N‡N‚?? N‡N???N?N‚??N??µN‚ ?±???»?? ?? ???±?»?°N?N‚?? ?¶??????N‚?°, ?? ???????°?·?°?»?° ???µN?N‚??. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ??N‚???µN‚???»?°, N‡N‚?? N?N‚?? aˆ“ ?°?????µ??????N†??N‚ ?? ??N??¶???° ?????µNˆ?°N†??N?. ??Nˆ?°?????????° ?????µN…?°?»?° ?? ????N?????N?, ?????µ ??????N‚??Nˆ N????°?·?°?» ?µ?? N‚?? ?¶?µ N??°?????µ. ?Y?µNˆ?µ?? ?????µNˆ?°N†???µ?? ?????° ????N?N‚N? ?±N‹?»?° ?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° ?µ?µ, ??Nˆ?µ???»???¶???»?° ???????????µN‚N? ?? N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?????µNˆ?°N†??N? ?±N????µN‚ N‚NˆN??????°N?, ???? ??Nˆ???????µN‚ ?±?»?°?????????»N?N‡????.
?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ??Nˆ?????µ ?°?????µ??????N†??N‚?° N? ?•.?s. ?????°?·?°?»??N?N? ??Nˆ??Nˆ?°N‰?µ????N? ?? ???µN‡?µ???? ?? ????????????????, ?° N???N?N?N‚N? ???µ????N‚??Nˆ???µ ??Nˆ?µ??N? ????N??»?µ ?????µNˆ?°N†???? ?????° N????°?»?°, ?? N? ???µ?µ ????N??????»??N?N? N?N‚Nˆ?°N???N‹?µ ?±???»??. ?–?µ??N‰?????° ????N????µN????»?° ?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????. ???° ??Nˆ?µ???»???¶???»?? ?•.?s. ?????»?µ?¶?°N‚N? ???° N??????µ?? ???????°??N‡?????µ. ??Nˆ?°?????????°, N?N‡??N‚?°N? N??µ?±N? ???µ????N?N‚??????????, ??N‚???°?·N‹???°?»?°N?N?, ???? ????N‚???? ??Nˆ???»?µ???»?° ?? ?·?°N???N??»?°, ?° ??Nˆ??N???N???N???N?N?, ???µ N‡N???N?N‚???????°?»?° ?±???»??.
* * *
38. ?z?????°?¶??N‹ ?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ??Nˆ??N??»?° ?¶?µ??N‰?????° ?? N?N‚?°?»?° ?¶?°?»?????°N‚N?N?N?, N‡N‚?? N? ?µ?µ ?????µ???°??N†?°N‚???»?µN‚???µ?? ????N‡?µNˆ?? aˆ“ ???µ???·?»?µN‡?????°N? ?±???»?µ?·??N?, N‚N??±?µNˆ??N??»?µ?· ????N?N‚?µ??, ???µ????N‡???° ?»?µ?¶??N‚ ?? ??????N??µ ?? ??N‡?µ??N? N?N‚Nˆ?°???°?µN‚. ?Y??N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»N?????N†?° N‚?°???¶?µ N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? N?N‚?? aˆ“ ???°???°?·?°?????µ ?‘???¶???µ, ?·?° N‚??, N‡N‚?? ?????° ????N‚?µNˆN??»?° N?N??µNˆ?????µ ?? N…Nˆ?°??N? ?‘???¶??NZ, ?±?»?°????N‚????Nˆ?µ????NZ ?? ???µNˆ?µN?N‚?°?»?° ?????»??N‚N?N?N?.
??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??N‚???µN‚???»?°, N‡N‚?? ???µ????N‡???° ?±N????µN‚ ?·????Nˆ?????°, ???µ?»?µ?»?° N???N?N‚N? ??????N? ?? N????°?·?°N‚N? ?µ??: "???°N‚N?N????° ????????Nˆ??N‚, N‡N‚?? N‚N‹ N‚?µ???µNˆN? ?·????Nˆ?????°, ??N?N‚?°???°??!"
???°N‚N? ??N??????»?????»?° ??Nˆ?????°?·?°?????µ N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹. ?•?µ ????N‡N? ??N?N‚?°?»?°, N…???????»?°, ???° N‚Nˆ?µN‚???? ???µ??N? ??????Nˆ??N????»?°N?N? ?? ????N?N‚?? ?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????. ?’N?????Nˆ?µ ?????? ????N??µN‚???»?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????.
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39. ? ?°N?N????°?· ??????N‹ ????????N„?µ?µ????N‹ ?¤?µ????Nˆ????????, ?¶??N‚?µ?»N?????N†N‹ N??µ?»?° ?”Nˆ???????????°.
?’Nˆ?°N‡?? ??Nˆ???·???°?»?? N? ???µ??N? N‚N??±?µNˆ??N??»?µ?· ?»?µ??????N…. ???µN?????N‚NˆN? ???° N??????»N‹, N?N????»?µ???????µ ????N‚?°?????µ ?? ??N??µ?????·?????¶??N‹?µ ?»?µ???°NˆN?N‚???°, ?????µ N?N‚?°?????????»??N?N? ??N??µ N…N??¶?µ. ???°???????µN†, ??Nˆ?°N‡?? N????°?·?°?»??, N‡N‚?? ????????N‡N? ?????µ ????N‡?µ?? ???µ?»N??·N?: "?z???° N‚?°?? N??»?°?±?°, aˆ“ ????????Nˆ???»?? ?????? ??N??¶N?, aˆ“ N‡N‚?? ?????????? ?????????? aˆ“ N??¶?µ ???? ??Nˆ???±?µ".
?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ?? ?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ?? ???°N‚N?N????µ ? ?°N…???»?? ?? ???°?µ 1925 ???????°. ?z ???°N? ?????»???¶???»??, ?? N?????Nˆ?? ?? ???°?? ??N‹N??»?° N????µN‚?»?? N??»N‹?±?°NZN‰?°N?N?N? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°. ?z???° ?±N‹?»?° ?? ?°????N?N‚???»N????????µ ?? N‡N‚??-N‚?? ?????? ?????? ???µNˆ?¶?°?»?°. ?YNˆ??N?N‚?°?»N????? ???»N???N? ???° ???µ??N?, ???°N‚N?N????° ?????·????Nˆ?????°?»?°N?N?, ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?° ???°N? ?? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ???°N‚?µ-???° ???°?? N‚?µ???»?µ??N??????µ ????Nˆ???¶??N‡????. ?”?° ????N?????Nˆ?µ?µ ???µ????N‚?µ ?µ?µ, aˆ“ ?????° N????°?·?°?»?° ?????µ?? N???N?N‚????N†?µ ???° ???µ??N?, aˆ“ ?? ????N?N‚??????N†N? ?? ???°??????N‚?µ N‡?°?µ??. ?z???° N‚?°?? N??»?°?±?°, N‡N‚?? ?????¶?µN‚ N????µNˆ?µN‚N?, ?????????? ?????????? aˆ“ N??¶?µ ???? ??Nˆ???±?µ. ?? ????N??»?µ ??Nˆ??N…??????N‚?µ ???? ?????µ.
?s???????° ??N‹ ???µNˆ??N??»??N?N? ?? ???°N‚N?N????µ ? ?°N…???»??, ?????° ??N‹N??»?° ?? ???°?? ?? N?N‚?°?»?° ?±?µN??µ???????°N‚N? N? ?????µ?? N???N?N‚????N†?µ?? ?? ?µ?µ ???µ?»?°N…. ?z???? ????????Nˆ???»?? ?????»????, ???? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??Nˆ?µ??N? ??N‚ ??Nˆ?µ???µ???? ???°??-N‚?? ??N????±?µ?????? ???????»N???N‹???°?»?° ???° ???µ??N? ??, N‡??N‚?°N? ?????? ??N‹N??»??, ?±Nˆ??N??°?»?° N??»?µ??N?NZN‰???µ N„Nˆ?°?·N‹:
aˆ“ ?z???° ??N????°?µN‚, N‡N‚?? ?µ?? ?? ?¶???·???? N??¶?µ ????N‡?µ???? ???µ ??N?N‚?°?»??N?N?...
aˆ“ ?’??N‚ ???????°?»??, N‡N‚?? ?????? ???µ?»?°NZN‚...
aˆ“ ???µ ???µN‡?°?»N?N?N?, N‡N‚?? N‚?µ?»?? N‚?????µ ???µ ????Nˆ?µ???»??, ?·?°N‚?? ??N?N??° Nˆ??N??»?° ?? ??Nˆ?µ???»?°: ?????° ?±N‹?»?° ???°?»?µ??N???????, ?° N?N‚?°?»?° ?±???»N?N?????. ???µ ???µN‡?°?»N?N?N?, ?° Nˆ?°??N???N?N?.
???°N‚N?N????° ? ?°N…???»N? ?·?°??????N‡???»?° Nˆ?°?·????????Nˆ N? ?????µ?? N???N?N‚????N†?µ??, ???·N??»?° ???µ??N? ?·?° NˆN???N? ?? ???????µ?»?° ?? N??µ?±?µ. ?z???° N?N??°?????»?° ???µ??N? ?·?° N?N‚???» ?? N?N‚?°?»?° N?????N‰?°N‚N? N‡?°?µ?? N??? N??»???????°????, ?° ????N‚???? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?”?°???°?? N‚?µ???µNˆN? ?????±?µN??µ??N??µ?? ?? N‚?????µ?? ?±???»?µ?·????. ?’?µ??N? ?? ?????»??????N?N‚?? N? ???·N?N‡?°?»?° ???µ????N†????N? ?? ?????µ-N‡N‚?? ???????????°NZ.
?? N?N‚?°?»?° Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°N‚N?.
aˆ“ ?’?µNˆ????, aˆ“ N????°?·?°?»?° N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°, aˆ“ ?????????° ?·?°????N?N? N‡?°N?N‚N? ?»?µ??????N… ????Nˆ?°?¶?µ???°, N?N‚?? N??¶?µ N????µNˆN‚?µ?»N?????. ???? ???»?°???????µ N? N‚?µ?±N? N‚??, N‡?µ???? ??Nˆ?°N‡?? ???µ ???????°?»?? aˆ“ N? N‚?µ?±N? N…N???N‹?µ ????N?????. ??N????° ???????°?»?? N‚?°?????µ ?·?µNˆ??N‹N?????, ???°?? ???????????µ?»N????°, ???? ???µ ???????????µ?»N????°, ??Nˆ???»?????»?? ?? ????N????°??, ?? ???±Nˆ?°?·?????°?»?°N?N? ??N‹Nˆ??N‡???°. ??N‹ ?µN?N?, ?° ??N?N… ?????µN‚.
aˆ“ ???°N‚N?N????°, N‚?°?? N‡N‚?? ?¶?µ, ??????????, ????????Nˆ?°N‚N? ???°????? aˆ“ N???Nˆ??N????»?° N?.
?zN?N‚?°?????? ?????? ??????Nˆ??N? ?±?µ?· ??N‚???µN‚?°, ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ??Nˆ???????»?¶?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?? N??????»N‹-N‚?? ??N… ????N??»?µ????NZNZ ??Nˆ????N? ??N‚??N??»??. ?•?µ ?? N‚?°?? ?±N‹?»?? ???°?»??, ?° ???µ??N? ?±?µ?· ??Nˆ?????? ???µ?»N??·N? ?¶??N‚N?..! ??N??¶N? N????°?¶??, N‡N‚?? ?????????° N‚N‹ ???· ?sNˆN‹???° ??Nˆ???µ???µN?N?, N‚?? ????N‚ ???°???°N? ?±N????µN?N? aˆ“ ?? ?? ?????µNˆN? ???µ ??Nˆ???»?µ?·?µN?N? (??N??¶ ???µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N????? N…??N‚?µ?» ??N‚???µ?·N‚?? ???µ??N? ???° NZ??).
?Y??N‚???? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ???°N‡?°?»?° N?N??µNˆ?????? ?????»??N‚N?N?N?. ?z???° ??Nˆ??N????»?° ???°N‚?µNˆN? ?‘???¶??NZ, N‡N‚???±N‹ ??N??¶ ???µ??N? ???µ ???±???¶?°?», N‡N‚???±N‹ ?z???° ????N??»?°?»?° ?????µ ?????????? ???µ???µ??. ?’ N?N‚??N‚ ???????µ??N‚ ??Nˆ??N??»?° ?¶?µ??N‰?????° ?? ??Nˆ?????µN??»?° ???µ??N????? ???° ???°N??»?? ???°N‚?µNˆ?? ?‘???¶???µ??. ???°N‚N?N????° N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? N? ???°N‚?µNˆ?? ?‘???¶???µ?? ???°N??»?° ??N‡?µ??N? ??????????, ???? ?¶?µ??N‰?????° ???°N?N‚?°?????°?»?°. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ???·N??»?° ???µ??N?????, ?·?°N‚????Nˆ???»?° ?·?° ???µNZ ?????µNˆN? ??, ???±Nˆ?°N‰?°N?N?N? ???? ?????µ, N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ???°N‚?µNˆN? ?‘???¶??N? N?N??»N‹N??°?»?° ???°N? ?? ??Nˆ??N??»?°?»?° ???µ???µ??. ?? ???·N??»?° ??N….
???°N‚N?N????° ???°?»?° ?????µ ?????° ???µN?N?N‚???° N???N† N? N????±???? ?? ???µ?»?µ?»?° ??N… N?NS?µN?N‚N? ?? ???µN?N?N‚N? ?????µ?? ?±?µ?· ??Nˆ????N?N???????, ???? ?????° N???N†?° ?? ???µ??N?: ???????? N?N‚Nˆ????, ??NˆN??????µ ???µN‡?µNˆ????, ???µ?»?µ?»?° ?????µ ???????????µN‚N? ?? ??Nˆ??N‡?°N?N‚??N‚N?N?N? ????N?N‚N‹N… ??Nˆ??N?N‚????N‹N… ???°???? ?Y?µN‚Nˆ????N??????? ?? ??N????µ??N??????? ????N?N‚?°????. ???°???µ?»???? ??????N„?µN‚?°???? ?? ??NˆN????????°????, ?????° ??N‚??N?N?N‚???»?° ???µ??N? ??????????.
?’N‹?????»?????? ??N??µ, N‡N‚?? N????°?·?°?»?° ?????µ N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°, N? N?N‚?°?»?° ????N?N‚?µ???µ?????? ??N‹?·????Nˆ?°???»?????°N‚N?, ?¶???·??N? N?N‚?°?»?° ???°?»?°?¶?????°N‚N?N?N?, N? ???????»?° Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°N‚N? ?? N‚??N????° ?±?µN?N??»?µ?????? ??Nˆ??N??»?°.
?’Nˆ?°N‡??, ?»?µN‡????N????µ ???µ??N?, ?±N‹?»?? N????????»?µ??N‹, N‡N‚?? N? ?¶?????°, ???° ?µN‰?µ ??????Nˆ?°?????»?°N?N?.
?Y??N??»?µ ?????µ???? ??N?N†?µ?»?µ????N? N? ??N‡?µ??N? ??Nˆ????N??·?°?»?°N?N? ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ?? ????N?N‚??N??????? ?µ?µ ????N??µN‰?°?»?°. ?z???° N‡?°N?N‚?? ????????Nˆ???»?° ?????µ ?? ?±N???N?N‰?µ??, ?? ??N??µ N??±N‹?»??N?N?. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ????????Nˆ???»?°:
aˆ“ ?Y????????, ???µ??N? ???µ ?±N????µN‚, ???? N??»?????° ?????? ?±N???N?N‚, ????N‚????N? N‡N‚?? N??»?????° ???µ ??????.
???°N‚N?N????° ? ?°N…???»N? ?? ????N??»?µ N????µNˆN‚?? ???µ ??N?N‚?°?????»?° ???µ??N?. ?? ?·????N? ?µ?µ, ?????° ??Nˆ??N…??????N‚ ???° ????????N‰N?, ?? ?????µ N?N‚?°????????N‚N?N? N…??Nˆ??N??? ?? ?»?µ??????. ?? N‚???µNˆ???? ???µNˆNZ, N‡N‚?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ?? ???? N????µNˆN‚?? ???°???? ??N‚ ?“??N????????° ???????????°N‚N? ??N??µ?? ??Nˆ???±?µ???°NZN‰???? ?? ???µ?? ?? ??Nˆ??N?N?N‰???? ?µ?µ ?????»??N‚?? ???µNˆ?µ?? ?????·???°N‚?µ?»?µ??.
40. ?z?????????? ????N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‚???»?° N??»?????°????:
aˆ“ ?Y???·??Nˆ?°???»N?NZ N‚?µ?±N? N? N?N‹??????, N? ?›?µ??NZN???????!
?Y??N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»N? ?±N‹?» N????????»?µ??, ???µ??N? N? ???µ???? N‚N??¶?µ?»??, ????N‡N‚?? ?±?µ?·???°???µ?¶????, ?±???»?µ?»?° ?¶?µ???°, ?? Nˆ?µ?±?µ?????µ ?¶?µ ?????? ?? ???µ ???µN‡N‚?°?»??.
aˆ“ ?”?° N? ???»N????°N?, N?N‚?°Nˆ?°N?, ???°?±???»N‚?°?»?° N‚N?N‚, ???µ ?·???°NZ N‡N‚??, aˆ“ ?????±?°?????»?° ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ?? ??N‚???µN‚ ???° ?µ???? N????????µ????N?, ????N‚??NˆN‹?µ ???? ?µN‰?µ ?? ??N‹N????°?·?°N‚N? ???µ N?N????µ?». ?? N???N?N?N‚N? ???µN?N?N‚N? ???µN?N?N†?µ?? ?? N?N‚???? N??µ??N??µ Nˆ???????»N?N? N?N‹??, ?? Nˆ??????N‚?µ?»?? ???°?·???°?»?? ?µ???? ???»?µ??N??µ?µ??.
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41. ?? ???µ?????µ???? ?????°???° ?Y?µN‚Nˆ??????N‡?° ???»?????????°, ???· ?????¶?°??N????° ??N?N‚???°??N†?°N‚???»?µN‚??N?N? ????N‡N? ?•?»?µ???° ?±N‹?»?° N??»?°?±?° ?·????Nˆ????N??µ??, ?? Nˆ??????N‹?µ ?????µN…?°?»?? ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? N???Nˆ??N???N‚N?, ??N??¶???? ?»?? ?µ?? ??Nˆ???????»?¶?°N‚N? N?N‡?µ?±N?. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ??N‡??N‚N?N?N? ???µ ??N??¶???? aˆ“ ?????° N?????Nˆ?? ??N‹?????µN‚ ?·?°??N??¶. ?? ?¶?µ????N…-N‚?? ???°?????? ??Nˆ?µ??Nˆ?°N???N‹??!
?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ?????????° ???µ????N†?µ ?±N‹?»?? N??µN?N‚???°??N†?°N‚N? ?»?µN‚ ?? ???µN?N?N‚N? ???µN?N?N†?µ??, ?????° N????µNˆ?»?°, ??Nˆ?µ???°?? N?????NZ N‡??N?N‚N?NZ ??N?N?N? ?–?µ????N…N?-??Nˆ??N?N‚N?.
* * *
42. ?’ 1928 ??????N?, ????N??»?µ ?Y?°N?N…??, ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ???· ????N?????N‹ ???µ???°N? ?Y?°Nˆ?°N????µ???° ????N…?°???»???????° ?”???»?????????° ?? N?????NˆN?N??°?»?°N?N?, N‡N‚?? ?µ?µ ????N‡N? ???????° ????????N‚ ???µ??N?????. ?Y???????»????N???N?N?, ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?? N?N‚?? ????N‚N? ???µ ???????µ?»?°, ???? ?·???°NZ, N‡N‚?? ?????° ??N‚ NZ????N?N‚?? ?±?»?°???????°N‚???°N?. ?’??N‚ ?????????° ???µ ?±N????µN‚ N…?»?µ?±?° aˆ“ N?N‚?? ???µ??N????? ???????°?????±N?N‚N?N?.
?Y??N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»N?????N†?° ???·?????????»?°N?N?, ?° ?? ???°NˆN‚?µ 1929 ???????° ?µ?? ??Nˆ??N??»??N?N? ??????N????°N‚N? N…?»?µ?± ???° ???µ??N????? ????N‡?µNˆ??.
?s?°??-N‚?? N?N‹??N? ?Y.??. ?”???»???????????? ??Nˆ?µ??N?N‚??N??» N‚NˆN?????N‹?? N????·?°???µ??. ?’ N??»N?N‡?°?µ ???µN????°N‡?? ???? ?????? ????N‚?µNˆN?N‚N? ???µN?N‚??. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?????????»???»?°N?N? ?·?° ???µ????. ?­???·?°???µ?? ?±N‹?» N????°?? ?±?»?µN?N‚N?N‰?µ. ??N‹?? ?????»N?N‡???» ??????N‹N??µ?????µ ?? ?µ?·?????» ?±?»?°???????°Nˆ??N‚N? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N?.
* * *
43. ???µ???°N? ?•?»???·?°???µN‚?° ??NZNˆ?????° ???· ??. ?????¶?°??N????° ?±???»?µ?»?°. ?’N??µ ??N????°?»??, N‡N‚?? ?????° N???Nˆ?µN‚. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?›?µN‡??N‚N?N?N? ???µ ??N??¶????, ??N?N?N‚N? ????N‡?°N‰?µ ??Nˆ?????±N‰?°?µN‚N?N? ????N?N‚N‹N… ???°????.
?§?µNˆ?µ?· ???µ????N‚??Nˆ???µ ??Nˆ?µ??N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??????Nˆ??N????»?° ??. ?¤?µ??????N???NZ N?N???N‚N? NˆN??±?°N???N? ?? ???°?»?° ???°N‚?µNˆ???°?». ???° N??»?µ??N?NZN‰???? ???µ??N? Nˆ???????°N? N??µN?N‚Nˆ?° ?•?»???·?°???µN‚N‹ ??Nˆ??N??»?° ?? N??????±N‰???»?°, N‡N‚?? ????N‡N?NZ ?±???»N??????? ?±N‹?»?? ??N????±?µ?????? ???»??N…??. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ???°?»?° ?µ?? NˆN??±?°N???N? N??? N??»?????°????:
aˆ“ ?YN?N?N‚N? ?›???·?° ???°???µ???µN‚ ?µ?µ ?? ?±N????µN‚ ?·????Nˆ?????°.
?s?°?? N‚???»N????? ???° ?±???»N???N?NZ ???°???µ?»?? NˆN??±?°N???N?, ?????° N‚??N‚N‡?°N? ?¶?µ ????N‡N???N?N‚???????°?»?° N??µ?±N? ?·????Nˆ????????.
* * *
44. ?? ?¶??N‚?µ?»N? ???µNˆ?µ?????? ?‘N?N‚N‹Nˆ???? ?“?¶?°N‚N????????? N??µ?·???° ??.?¤?µ????N‚?????° ?? ??????N†?µ ?·????N‹ 1926 ???????° N?N‚?°?»?? ?±???»?µN‚N? ??Nˆ?°?????µ ?????»?µ????, ?? ????N??????»?°N?N? ????N?N…???»N?. ?z?? ???±Nˆ?°N‰?°?»N?N? ?? ??Nˆ?°N‡?°??, ???? ?»?µ???°NˆN?N‚???° ???µ ???????????°?»??. ?•??N? N????°?·?°?»??, N‡N‚?? ??N??¶???° ?????µNˆ?°N†??N?. ?‘???»N??????? Nˆ?µN????» ?µN…?°N‚N? ?? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??. ?z?? ????N??µN‚???» ?µ?µ ?? ??????N†?µ ?»?µN‚?° 1926 ???????°. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ??N?????N‚Nˆ?µ?»?° ??????N?, ???µ?»?µ?»?° ???µ?»?µ??????N†?µ ???°Nˆ???? ???????°?·?°N‚N? ?µN‘ ???°N??»????, ?° ????N‚????, N???N??? ???±Nˆ?°?· ?‘???????»NZ?±N??????? ?‘???¶???µ?? ???°N‚?µNˆ??, N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?­N‚?° ?????????° aˆ“ N‡N?????N‚????Nˆ???°N?.
??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ????N???N??»?°N?N? ?µNZ ?±???»N??????? ???????? ?? N??µNˆN??µ?·???? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ?§?µ??N? ?±N‹N‚N? aˆ“ N‚?? ?±N????µN‚.
?YNˆ??N??»?? ???µ????N‚??Nˆ???µ ??Nˆ?µ??N?, ????N?N…???»N? ??Nˆ??N??»?°, ?? ?¤?µ????N‚???? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?» ?? ?‘??Nˆ?????????? ?±?»?°???????°Nˆ??N‚N? N?????NZ ??N?N†?µ?»??N‚?µ?»N?????N†N?.
aˆ“ ?­N‚?? ???µ?»?? ???µ ?????µ, ?° ?‘???¶???µ. ?‘?»?°???????°Nˆ?? ???µ ???µ??N?, ?° ?‘?????°, ?s??N‚??NˆN‹?? ???µNˆN?NZN‰???? ???°?µN‚ ??N?N†?µ?»?µ????N?, aˆ“ N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N?. ?Y??N??»?µ N?N‚?????? ?????° ????????Nˆ???»?° N? ?¤?µ????N‚????N‹?? ?? ?µ???? ???°?»N????µ??N??µ?? ?¶???·????, ?? ??N??µ N??»?????° ?µ?µ ??????N??»?µ??N?N‚?????? N??±N‹?»??N?N?.
* * *
45. ???µ???°N? ?•?»???·?°???µN‚?° ????N??µN‚???»?° ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? 5 N??µ??N‚N??±NˆN? 1927 ???????°. ?Y??N??»?µ ?±?µN??µ??N‹ ?????° ??????Nˆ??N????»?° ??Nˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ? ?°N…???»N? ?·?°??N‡???? ?±?»?°????N??»??????N‚N? N??????µ???? ?±Nˆ?°N‚?° ?? N…??N‚?µ?»?° ?±N‹?»?? ???°?·???°N‚N? ?µ???? ????N?, ???°?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N??°???° N????°?·?°?»?°, ???°?? ?µ???? ?·????N?N‚.
* * *
46. ???µ???°N? ???°N‚N?N????° 1 ?°????N?N?N‚?° 1928 ???????° ??Nˆ??N????»?° ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ????N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ???° ????N?N‚Nˆ??????N? ???????°.
??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?¶?µ Nˆ?°????N?N‚???? ????N????»??????N??»?°:
aˆ“ ?? ???°?????? ?????????? ?±N????µN‚ N? ???°N? N…??Nˆ??N??µ??N???????!
?Y??N??»?µ N?N‚?????? ???°N‚N?N????° ???°N‡?°?»?° N?N‚Nˆ????N‚N?N?N? ?? ???? ?????»??N‚???°?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ???µ??????????Nˆ?°N‚???? ?????»N?N‡?°?»?° N‡N????µN???N?NZ ????????N‰N? ?? ???°?¶?????? ???µ?»?µ, ?»??N?N? N‚???»N????? ??N‹N??»?µ?????? ???±Nˆ?°N‰?°?»?°N?N? ?? ???µ??.
* * *
47. ?z?????? ??Nˆ?µN?N‚N?N??????? ??Nˆ??N?N‘?» ?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ?·?° ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ?????µ?? ???° ??N‚??NˆN‹N‚???µ N‡?°????????. ?z?? ?µN‰?µ ???µ N?N????µ?» ???·?»???¶??N‚N? N??????? ??????Nˆ??N?, ???°?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ??Nˆ?????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??N? Nˆ?°?·?»?????°N‚N? N‡?°?? ?? ???±N??»N??¶?????°N‚N? N???????N… ????N??µN‚??N‚?µ?»?µ??, N‡?µ?? ???°?»?° ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ?????µ ???° N?N‚?? ?µ???? ??Nˆ?µ????Nˆ??N?N‚???µ.
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48. ?? ???µ?????µ?? ??????N‹ ?Y?°???»??????N‹ ??Nˆ?????°?» N?N‹??. ?z???° N…??N‚?µ?»?° ???±Nˆ?°N‚??N‚N?N?N? ???? N?N‚????N? ??????????N? ?? ???°???°?»???µ ?? N????°?·?°?»?° ???± N?N‚???? N??????µ??N? ??N?N…??????????N? ??. ?’?°NˆN„???»?????µNZ. ?‘?°N‚NZN????° ?·?°??Nˆ?µN‚???» ?µ?? ?? ????N??????µN‚?????°?» ???±Nˆ?°N‚??N‚N?N?N? ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ?’N?????Nˆ?µ ???? N??°?? ?????µN…?°?» ?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ?? N???Nˆ??N????» ?? N?N‹???µ ??????N‹ ?Y?°???»??????N‹. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ???????????µ ???????µ???°?»?° ?? ???µ??, ?? ???°N‚N? ?????»N?N‡???»?° ???°???µ?¶??N? ???° N????????°?????µ N? N?N‹?????? .


?—???µN?N? ?·?°???°??N‡?????°NZN‚N?N? N‡N????µN??°, ?·?°????N??°????N‹?µ ??Nˆ??N‚. ???µNˆ?????µ?? ?›?µ?±?µ???µ??N‹?? ?? 20-30-N… ???????°N…. ?”?°?»?µ?µ N??»?µ??N?NZN‚ N‡N????µN??°, N????±Nˆ?°????N‹?µ N??µN?N‚Nˆ?°???? ??????????N‚??NˆN‹??N??µ????N?N? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?.


49. ?–??N‚?µ?»N?????N†?° ????Nˆ?????° ?????¶?°??N????° ?z. ??. ?? 1921- 1923 ???????°N…, ??Nˆ?????µNˆ???? ?? N‚Nˆ?????°??N†?°N‚???»?µN‚???µ?? ?????·Nˆ?°N?N‚?µ, ????N??µN‚???»?° N? ???°N‚?µNˆN?NZ ??Nˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ? ?°N…???»N?. ???°N‚N? ?¶?°?»?????°?»?°N?N?, N‡N‚?? ????N‡N? ?µ?µ ???µ????N??»N?N????°N?.
aˆ“ ????N‡?µ????, ?????° ???±??????N‚, ?????° ?? ?????¶?°?»?µ?µN‚, aˆ“ N????°?·?°?»?° ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N?.
?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ?z. ??. ??Nˆ???¶???»?° N? ???°N‚?µNˆN?NZ ???? N??°?????? ?µ?µ N????µNˆN‚??.
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50. ???µN‚???° ?z. ??. ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? N? ???°?»?µ??N??????? N?N‹?????? ??Nˆ?????µNˆ???? ?? 1921 ??????N?. ?s?µ?»?µ??????N†?° ??????Nˆ??N????»?° ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ???°N‚N? ?µ??N? ??Nˆ??N?N„??Nˆ??N‡??N?.
aˆ“ ?YNˆ??N?N„??Nˆ??N‡???°, ??Nˆ??N?N„??Nˆ??N‡???°, aˆ“ ?·?°??N???N‡?????? N????°?·?°?»?° ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°, aˆ“ ??N‡?µ??N? ???°?»?µ??N????°N?! ??N?, ?° N‚N‹, ???°N‚N?N????°, ????N‚?µNˆ????. ?•N…?°?»?° N‚Nˆ???????°, ?? ???µN‚N? N‚Nˆ????????.
???°N‡?°?»?°N?N? ?zN‚?µN‡?µN?N‚???µ?????°N? ?????????°, N?N‹?? N?N??µ?» ???° N„Nˆ????N‚ ?? ?±N‹?» N??±??N‚ 19 ?°??Nˆ?µ?»N? 1945 ???????° ?? ?????·Nˆ?°N?N‚?µ 31 ???????°, ?° ??N??¶ N?N‚???? ?¶?µ??N‰????N‹ N????µNˆ Nˆ?°??N?N??µ, ?????? ? ???¶???µN?N‚????.
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51. ?–??N‚?µ?»N?????N†?° ???°????N‚-?Y?µN‚?µNˆ?±N?Nˆ???°, ?s?°????N‚???»?????° ???µ???µ?????????° ?•??N?N‚?°N„N??µ???° ?? 1926 ??????N?, N??µN?N‚?? ?»?µN‚, ?±N‹?»?° N? ???°N‚?µNˆN?NZ N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ?????????µ?? ?µ?µ, ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ????N????»??????N??»?°:
aˆ“ ?z??, ???°???°N? ???µ????N‡???°! ??N‡?°N?N‚?»???????°! aˆ“ ?? ???°?»?° ?µ?? ?±???»N?N?N?NZ ??Nˆ??N?N„??NˆN?.
"???µ ?·???°NZ, N‡N‚?? ?????µ?»?° ????????N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°, aˆ“ ????????Nˆ???»?° N??°???° ?s?°????N‚???»?????° ???µ???µ?????????° N???N?N?N‚N? 70 ?»?µN‚ ????N??»?µ N?N‚???? ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‡??, aˆ“ ?¶???·??N? ????N? N??»???¶???»?°N?N? ???µ???»??N…??, ???? ?±???»N?N??µ???? N?N‡?°N?N‚N?N?, ???????µN‡????, N? ???µ ???????µ?»?°. ?????»N????? ???µ???°?????? N? N?N‚?°?»?° ???????????°N‚N?, N‡N‚?? ?¶?µ ?????µ?»?° ????????N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N?: ???µ??N? ?????µ ????N?N‡?°N?N‚?»???????»??N?N? ?????¶??N‚N? ???? ??N‚??NˆN‹N‚??N? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?. ?s???????° N? ?????±N‹???°?»?° ?? N?N‚???? ???±??N‚?µ?»??, ?????????»???»?°N?N? ?·?° ?›??N‚N?Nˆ?????µ??, ?????±N‹???°?»?° ???° ?????????»???µ N? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹, N? ???µNˆ?µ?¶???»?° ??????N?N‚N‹ ???µ?»??N‡?°??N??µ?? ??N?N…?????????? Nˆ?°????N?N‚??, ?????¶???? N????°?·?°N‚N? N?N‡?°N?N‚N?N?".
??N‹???µ ?s?°????N‚???»?????° ???µ???µ?????????° aˆ“ N‡?°N?N‚?°N? ????N?N‚N?N? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?.
* * *
52. ?s?°??-N‚?? ??N‚?µN† ?s.??. ?•??N?N‚?°N„N??µ?????? ??N??????» N??????µ?? N?N???NˆN????µ ???µN… ???° ???°?»N?N‚??. ?’N?????Nˆ?µ ?????? ?????µN…?°?»?? ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ?????????µ?? ???±????????N?, ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ????N????»??????N??»?°:
aˆ“ ?? ??NˆN??·??-N‚?? ???° ???µ??! ?s?°???°N? ??NˆN??·N?!
??N???NˆN????? ???µ????N????µ???°?»??, ?° ????N‚???? ?????°?·?°?»??N?N?, N‡N‚?? ???µN… ?±N‹?» ??N????»?µ?? N? ?¶N??»????????.
* * *
53. ? ??????N?NZ N‚?µN‚??N? ?s.??.?•??N?N‚?°N„N??µ?????? N????°N‚?°?»?? ?·?° ?»NZ?±?????????? N‡?µ?»?????µ???°, ???????°????, ?? N????»N? ???µ????N‚??NˆN‹N… ???±N?N‚??N?N‚?µ?»N?N?N‚??, ?????° Nˆ?µN????»?° ??N‹??N‚?? ?·?° ??NˆN????????? ?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ?·?° ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ?????µ?? ???° ?±Nˆ?°?? ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??.
aˆ“ ?z??, ????NˆN????°N?, ???°???°N? ????NˆN????°N?! ???°???? ?±N‹?»?? N? ???µNˆ??N‹?? ??Nˆ??N…??????N‚N?, aˆ“ N????°?·?°?»?° ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N?.
?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, N??µ???µ?????°N? ?¶???·??N? N? N?N‚???? ?¶?µ??N‰????N‹ ???µ N??»???¶???»?°N?N?.
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54. ?? ?????????? ?¶?µ??N‰????N‹ ??N??¶ ?±N‹?» ???µ???µNˆN?NZN‰????. ?s?°??-N‚?? ?????° ??Nˆ?µ???»???¶???»?° ?µ??N? ?????µN…?°N‚N? ?? ?‘??Nˆ?????????? ?? ????N??????µN‚?????°N‚N?N?N? N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»N?NZ.
aˆ“ ???°?±???»N‚?°?µN‚! aˆ“ ??N‚???µN‚???» ??N??¶, ???? ??N??µ-N‚?°???? ?????µN…?°?».
?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ??N‹N??»?° ?? ??????, ???µNˆ?¶?° ?? NˆN????°N… N?N‚?°???°?? N? ?????????? ?? ?»???¶?µN‡??N?. ?z???° ?????±???»N‚?°?»?° ?? N?N‚?°???°???µ ?»???¶?????? ?? ??Nˆ???·???? N????°?·?°?»?°:
aˆ“ ??????N‚?µ N? ?‘????????!
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55. ?–??N‚?µ?»N?????N†?° N?. ?”Nˆ???????????°, ???µN…?°?µ???° ??Nˆ?°?????° ?’?°N????»N??µ?????°, N??? N??????µ?? ???°N‚?µNˆN?NZ, ????NˆN??????????? ?•???°N‚?µNˆ???????? ???µNˆ???µ?µ????????, ?±N‹?»?° N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ???°?»?° ???°N‚?µNˆ?? ?±?°Nˆ?°????N?. ?§N‚?? N?N‚?? ???·???°N‡?°?»??, ?????? ??????N??»?? N‚???»N????? N‚???????°, ?????????° ????NˆN???????N? ?•.??. ?°Nˆ?µN?N‚?????°?»?? ????N??»?µ ??N??????±???¶???µ????N? ??N‚ ???µ??N†?µ?? ??N… ???µNˆ?µ??????, ??Nˆ?µ??NSN??????? ???µN???Nˆ?°???µ???»???????µ ???±???????µ?????µ. ???? N?N‹?? ?µN‘, ????NˆN??????? ?Y?°???µ?» ?’?°N????»N??µ????N‡, N?N‡?°N‰????N?N? ?????µ???????? ?°???°???µ??????, N??·???°??, N‡N‚?? ???°N‚N? ?°Nˆ?µN?N‚?????°???°, ???·N??»N?N? ?·?° ?µ?µ ?·?°N‰??N‚N?, ?? ?µ?µ ??N??????±???????»??. ?‘?°Nˆ?°?????° ???·???°N‡?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ???°N‚N? ???°?? ?±N‹ N???NˆN?N‚???»??, ?°Nˆ?µN?N‚?????°?»??, ?° N…?»?µ?±- ???????µN† ?????±NˆN‹??.
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56. ?s?°??-N‚?? ??Nˆ?µN?N‚N?N??????? ??. ?s?????????????? ? N??·N????????? N??µ?·???° N????±??Nˆ?°?»??N?N? ?? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ?Y?? ???±N‹N‡?°NZ ?????? ?±Nˆ?°?»?? N? N????±???? ???????°Nˆ????. ?z?????° ???· ????N… ???????°?? ???µ ???????»?° ??N‹?±Nˆ?°N‚N? ???????°Nˆ????: ???????? aˆ“ ?¶?°?»????, ??NˆN??????µ aˆ“ ?¶?°?»????. ???°???????µN†, ??N‹?±Nˆ?°?»?° ???»?°N‚????. ?s???????° ?¶?µ??N‰????N‹ ??Nˆ??N??»?? ?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ, N‚?? ?????° N? ??N??µN… ???????°Nˆ???? ???·N??»?°, ?° N? N‚????, ????N‚??Nˆ?°N? ?????»???? ??N‹?±??Nˆ?°?»?°, ???»?°N‚???? ???µ ???·N??»?°, N????°?·?°??, N‡N‚?? ???? ?µ?? N??°?????? ??Nˆ??????????N‚N?N?.
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57. ?YNˆ??N‚?????µNˆ?µ?? ?????°???? ???»?µ??N??µ?µ??, N‡?°N?N‚?? ?±N‹???°?» N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ?s???????° ???? ?±N‹?» ?µN‰?µ ??N?N???????????, ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??N?, ?? ???°?????? ?????µ?????? ??Nˆ?°?·???????? ???? N?N‚?°???µN‚ N???N?N‰?µ???????????? ?? N? ???°?????? ?????»??N‚?????? ??Nˆ?? N?N‚???? ???±Nˆ?°N‚??N‚N?N? ?? ?‘????N?; ?? ???°?????? ??Nˆ?°?·???????? ?? ??Nˆ?? ???°?????? ?????»??N‚???µ ?±N????µN‚ ??Nˆ?µNˆ???°???? N???N?N‰?µ??N?N‚???? ?µ???? ???µNˆ?µ?? ?°Nˆ?µN?N‚????; ?????µ ?? ?????????° ???? ?·?°??????N‡??N‚ ?·?µ???????µ ?¶??N‚???µ. ?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N????? ??N??µ ??N??????»?????»??N?N? N‚?°??, ???°?? ??Nˆ?µ??Nˆ?µ???»?° ??Nˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N?.
?•???? ????N‡?µNˆ??, ?•???°N‚?µNˆ?????µ ?????°?????????µ, ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ???°??-N‚?? N????°?·?°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?‘????N? N??????????? ??N‹??N‚?? ?µ?? ?·?°??N??¶ ?·?° ??Nˆ?????°?·N‡?????°. ?”?µ??N?N????°, ???µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ??N‹N??»?° ?·?°??N??¶ ?·?° ???µ?????µ???? ?’?»?°????????Nˆ?° ???»?µ?±???????????°, ???· ??N???N†???? ??.?????¶?°??N????°.
?’ ??NˆN??????? Nˆ?°?· ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??:
aˆ“ ?s?°N‚NZN??µN‡???°, ?° N‚N‹ N? ???µ??N? N?N‡?°N?N‚?»?????°N?! ???µ?±N? ?“??N???????N? ?·?°?±?µNˆ?µN‚ ???° ?????µN‚?»???? ???µ??????N†?µ ?? ???° ????N…??Nˆ?????°N… ?±N???N?N‚ ???µN‚N? "??Nˆ??N?N‚??N? ?’??N???Nˆ?µN??µ"!
???°?? ??N??µ ?? N??±N‹?»??N?N?. ?•.??.???»?µ?±???????????° N????µNˆ?»?° 7 ???°N? 1978 ???????°, ?? N…??Nˆ???????»?? ?µ?µ ?????? ???µ?????µ "??Nˆ??N?N‚??N? ?’??N???Nˆ?µN??µ!".
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58. ?z?????°?¶??N‹ ?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?° ?¶?µ??N‰?????° N? ???°?»?µ??N??????? ????N‡??????. ???µ????N‚??NˆN‹?µ ???????°N…??????, N????????µ?? Nˆ?µ?±?µ?????° ??N????»??????N??»??:
aˆ“ ???°N‚N?N????°, ????N?????N‚Nˆ??N‚?µ, ???°???°N? N…??Nˆ??N??µ??N????°N? ???µ????N‡???°, ???°?? Nˆ???·??N‡???°!
aˆ“ ????Nˆ??N??° Nˆ???·??N‡???°, ???° N‚???»N????? ???? ????Nˆ???·?°, aˆ“ ??N‚???µN‚???»?° ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?°.
?’ ???°??????-N‚?? ???· ?·????????N… ??Nˆ?°?·???????????? ?? Nˆ??????N‚?µ?»N??? N?N‚???? ???µ????N‡???? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?»?? ????N?N‚??. ?’?·Nˆ??N??»N‹?µ ??N‹N??»?? ??N?N‚Nˆ?µN‡?°N‚N? ??N…, ?° ???µ????N‡???° N‚?µ?? ??Nˆ?µ???µ???µ?? N? ??Nˆ?°?·??????N‡???????? N?N‚???»?° ???·N??»?° ??N?N???N‡?µ?? N???????????N‹ ?? ???????°?????»?°N?N? ????. ?s???????° ???·Nˆ??N??»N‹?µ ???µNˆ??N??»??N?N?, ?????° ?±N‹?»?° ???µNˆN‚???°.
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59. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N? ?? 20-N… ???????°N… ??Nˆ?µ??N????°?·N‹???°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?±N????µN‚ ?????????°, ???? ??Nˆ?µ??N? ????N‚??Nˆ???? ?»NZ???? ?±N???N?N‚ ?????±??N?N‚N?, ???°?? ??N?N…??, ???? ??Nˆ?°N???N‹?µ ??N?N…?? ?????±?µ??N?N‚.
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60. ?•???°N‚?µNˆ?????° ?›?°???????° (1901-1996 ????.), ?±N‹??N??°N? ????N??»N?N?????N†?° ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ??N????????????°?»?°: "??N‚?°?»?° N? ???°??-N‚?? ??Nˆ??N???N‚N?N?N? ?? ????N?????N? ?? ?±?°?±N?N????µ ?·?° ???µN‰?°????, ?·?° ????????N‰N?NZ. ?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?? ????????Nˆ??N‚: "???µ ???°???? ?µN…?°N‚N? aˆ“ ????N‡?µ???? ???µ ???°??N?N‚". ???µ ???????µNˆ???»?° N? ?µ?? ?? ??????N????°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ???°?? ?¶?µ Nˆ???????°N? ?±?°?±???° ???µ ???°N?N‚, ?? ??N??µ-N‚?°???? ?????µN…?°?»?°. ???»?????° ??.? ?°N…???»?? N??±N‹?»??N?N? aˆ“ ?????µ ????N‡?µ???? ???µ ???°?»??.
?s?°??-N‚?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?° ???°?? (N??µN?N‚Nˆ?°??): "?’??N‚, N???NˆN? N? aˆ“ ?±N????µN‚?µ ?·???°N‚N? ???µ??N?: "???°N‚N?N????° ? ?°N…???»N?, ??N?N‚?°???°??, N‚N‹ ???°?? ??N??¶???°!", ?° N? ???µ ??N?N‚?°??N?. ?Y??N‚???? ????N?N‚N? ??Nˆ?????µN‚?µ ???? ?????µ ?? ?±N????µN‚?µ ??Nˆ??N???N‚N?: "???°N‚N?N????° ? ?°N…???»N?, N?????Nˆ?±?? ???°N…????N?N‚ ???° ???°N?, ????????????, N‚N‹ ???°?? ??N??¶???°, ??N?N‚?°???°??!", ?° N? ?????·N???N?, ???° ?? ??N?N‚?°??N?".
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61. ? ?°??N??° ?s????N?N‚?°??N‚???????????° ???°N??????????°, N…??Nˆ??N??? ?·???°??N??°N? ?±N‹??N?N?NZ ????N??»N?N?????N†N? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ???°Nˆ??NZ ????Nˆ????????N?, ?? N?N…?????µ ???°???°NˆN?, N???????N‡?°??N?N?NZN?N? ?? ????N??????µ ?? 1975-76 ????., N? ?µ?µ N??»???? Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?µN‚, N‡N‚?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ? ?°N…???»N? ?»NZ?±???»?° N????±??Nˆ?°N‚N? ?? N??µ?±?µ N??µN?N‚?µNˆ (?????? ?¶???»?? ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹Nˆ?µ ???°?? ?±N‹ ?????????? N??µ??N??µ??). ?? ????N‚ ???°??-N‚?? ?????° ???? N????°?·?°?»?°: "??????Nˆ?? ???°N?N‚N?????N‚ ??Nˆ?µ??N?, ?????????° ???°N? ?±N???N?N‚ Nˆ?°?·??????N?N‚N?". ???µN?N‚NˆN‹ ???µ ???????»?? N??µ?±?µ N?N‚?????? ??Nˆ?µ??N?N‚?°????N‚N?, ?° ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ?????±?°?????»?°: "? ?°?·?»?µN‚??N‚?µN?N?, ?????? ??N‚?µ??N‡??????, ?? Nˆ?°?·??N‹?µ N?N‚??Nˆ????N‹, ?? N????????µN‚?µ ???????°N??µN???N?NZ ?????µ?¶??N?".
?z?????°?¶??N‹ ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?° N??µN?N‚Nˆ?°??, N‡N‚?? ????N??»?µ ?·?°??NˆN‹N‚??N? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ???µNˆ?µ?¶?????µN‚ N??»?µ??N?NZN‰???µ N?N‚?°??N‹: ???µNˆ??N‹?? aˆ“ ???°?·?µ????N‹?? ??????, ??N‚??Nˆ???? aˆ“ ?????µ????N‹?? ?»NZ??, N‚Nˆ?µN‚???? aˆ“ Nˆ?°?·??N‹??-Nˆ?°?·??N‹?? ???°Nˆ????, ?° N‡?µN‚???µNˆN‚N‹?? ?±N????µN‚, ?????????° ???µN?N? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? Nˆ?°?·???µN?N?N‚ ???? ????Nˆ????N‡?????°??. ?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ???±??N‚?µ?»N? ????N??»?µ???????°N‚?µ?»N????? ???µNˆ?µ?¶???»?° ?? N??????µ?? ??N?N‚??Nˆ???? ??N??µ N?N‚?? N?N‚?°??N‹: ?±N‹?»?? ?? ???µ?? N??????»?° ?? N??µ?»N?N?????N…???·N???N?N‚???µ?????°N? ?°NˆN‚?µ?»N?, N‚Nˆ?°??N‚??Nˆ???°N? N?N‚?°??N†??N?, ?° ???? ??Nˆ?µ??N? ????????N‹ Nˆ?°N??????»?°???°?»N?N? ?????µ????N‹?? ????N?????N‚?°?»N?. ?Y??N??»?µ ????????N‹ ?·???µN?N? ????N?N‚N? ?±N‹?»?? N??????»?°, N‚N?Nˆ?±?°?·?°, ??N??·?µ??, ?° N‚?°???¶?µ ?¶???»?? N‡?°N?N‚??N‹?µ ?»NZ????. ?—???°N‡??N‚?µ?»N????°N? ?¶?µ N‡?°N?N‚N? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN??????? ????Nˆ?°??N‹ ?±N‹?»?° Nˆ?°?·???±Nˆ?°???° ???µN?N‚??N‹???? ?¶??N‚?µ?»N????? ???° ????Nˆ????N‡.
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62. ?????°N?N‚?°N???N? ?“?»N?N????????°-????N????????° ???· ????N?????N‹, 1913 ??.Nˆ., N?Nˆ???¶?µ?????° ??.???µ???µ??????N??????µ, Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?µ?µ ?±?°?±N?N????° ?? ???°???° ????N??µN‰?°?»?? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»N?. ?’ 1922 ??. ???°N‚N?, ???° 40-?? ???µ??N? ????N??»?µ Nˆ???¶???µ????N? ????N‡?µNˆ??, ????N??»?° ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ?·?° ?????»??N‚?????? ?? ?·?°N??»?° ?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ???·N?N‚N? ?±?»?°????N??»?????µ?????µ ???° ????N?N‚Nˆ??????N? ???????????? ???????°. ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ??: "??N‚Nˆ????N?N?, N?N‚Nˆ????N?N?!", ???? ??Nˆ?? N?N‚????, ??????????N?N? ???°?»N?N‡???? ?? ???»?°?·?°??, ???°?? ?±N‹ N????±??Nˆ?°?»?° N??»?µ?·N‹ ?? ????NˆN?N‚??N‡??N?, ?°, ?±?»?°????N??»???????? ???»?°???µ??N†?°, ??Nˆ?????·???µN??»?°: "???????µ?»N?N????°N? ??N?N??°!". ???° N??»?µ??N?NZN‰???? ???µ??N? ????????Nˆ???¶???µ?????°N? ???µ????N‡???° N????µNˆ?»?°, ?° ?????? ????N?N‚Nˆ?????»??, ???? ????N‚???? ?????????? ????NˆN? ?±N‹?»?? ???·-?·?° ???µ???? aˆ“ ???»?°N?N‚?? ???°N‡?°?»?? ??N‚?±??Nˆ?°N‚N?, ?? ?????????? ?????? N??»?µ?· ??Nˆ???»???»??.
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63. ?s?»?°??????N? ???»N???????N‡???° ????Nˆ???·?????°, 1915 ??.Nˆ., ???µN?N‚???°N? N?Nˆ???¶?µ?????°, ??N‹???µ ??Nˆ???¶?????°NZN‰?°N? ?? ????N??????µ, Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?µN‚, N‡N‚?? ?µ?µ Nˆ??????N‚?µ?»?? ?±N‹???°?»?? N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»??. ?zN‚?µN† ?µ?µ, ???»N?N? ?“Nˆ??????NˆN??µ????N‡, ?????µ?» N…N?N‚??Nˆ ??Nˆ?? ???µNˆ?µ?????µ ???µ???µ??????N??????µ, ???µ???°?»?µ???? ??N‚ ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?. ?’ ???°N‡?°?»?µ 20-N… ?????????? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?° ???°N‚?µNˆ??: "???»NZN??µ ???°???? N??µ?·?¶?°N‚N?, ?µ???? ???¶?????°?µN‚ ?±?µ???°". ?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, Nˆ??????N‚?µ?»?? ?µ?µ ?±N‹?»?? ?»NZ???? ?·?°?¶??N‚??N‡??N‹?µ, ?° ?? N‚?? ??Nˆ?µ??N? N?N‚?? ?±N‹?»?? ???µ?±?µ?·?????°N?????. ?z???? ????N??»N?N??°?»??N?N? ?? N??µN…?°?»?? ?? ????N?????N?, ?° ???µN‚?? ??N?N‚?°?»??N?N? N? ?±?°?±N?N?????. ???»N?N? ?“Nˆ??????NˆN??µ????N‡ ?±N‹?» N????°N??µ??, ???? ?? 30-N… ???????°N… ?µ???? ??N??µ-N‚?°???? Nˆ?µ??Nˆ?µN?N???Nˆ?????°?»??, ?? ???? ?????????± ?? ???°Nˆ?°N‚?????µ. ?’ 1926 ???»?? ?? 1927 ??????N? ?±?°?±N?N????° ?????????»?° N?????NZ ????N?N‡??N? ?s?»?°??????NZ ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†?µ ? ?°N…???»??. "?s???????° ??N‹ ????N??»??, aˆ“ ??N????????????°?»?° ?s.??.????Nˆ???·?????°, aˆ“ ?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? N??????µ?»?° ?? ??Nˆ?µN??»??N†?µ, ????, N????????µ?? ???°N?, ??N?N‚?°?»?°, ????????N??»?°, ?±?»?°????N??»???????»?°, ?° ???µ??N? ????N†?µ?»?????°?»?° ?? ?»???± ?? N?????N?N‚???»?° ???µ???????°????N‹?? ??????NZ ????N‚???»?µ ?»?°??????N?N‚?????? aˆ“ ??Nˆ?µN†???????? ??Nˆ?µN…?°???? ?? N????????»?°???µ. ?z???° ???°?»?° ???°?? ?±???»N?N?N?NZ ??Nˆ??N?N„??NˆN?, ????N‚??NˆN?NZ ??N‹ ????N?N??°?»?? ??N?NZ ???µ???µ?»NZ. ?z ?????µ?? ???°N‚?µNˆ?? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° N????°?·?°?»?°: "???°???µ ?±N????µN‚ ??N‡?µ??N? N‚N??¶?µ?»??". ?”?µ??N?N‚????N‚?µ?»N?????, ????N??»?µ N????µNˆN‚?? ??N‚N†?° ?????° ??N?N‚?°?»?°N?N? N? N??µ??N?NZ ???µN‚N?????, ?? ?? ????????N? ??N‹ ??N‡?µ??N? ?±?µ??N?N‚???????°?»??, N‡N‚?? N?N?????Nˆ???»?? N????µNˆN‚N? ???°??N‹".
?›?µN‚???? 1996 ??. ?s.??.????Nˆ???·?????° ????N??µN‚???»?° N??????? Nˆ??????N‹?µ ???µN?N‚?°, ??, N??µ?·?¶?°N?, ???·N??»?° ?·?µ???»?? N? ?????????»???? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????, ?° N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ?????? ?·?°N????????µN‚?µ?»N?N?N‚???????°?»?°, N‡N‚?? ?????° ???±?»?µ??N‡?°?»?° ?µN‘ N?N‚?°NˆN‡?µN??????µ N‚?µ?»?µN???N‹?µ ???µ??N?????.

IX. ?Y??N????µNˆN‚??N‹?µ N‡N????µN??° ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??

???µ?·?°?????»???? ???? N??????µ?? ?±?»?°?¶?µ???????? ??????N‡????N‹ ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†?° ????????Nˆ???»?° N????????? ??N?N…??????N‹?? N‡?°???°??, N??µN‚?????°??N????? ?? N?????Nˆ???? Nˆ?°?·?»N????µ N? ???µNZ: "?sN‚?? ???µ??N? ?±N????µN‚ ??????????N‚N?, N‚?????? ?? N? ???µ ?·?°?±N???N?. ?YNˆ??N…??????N‚?µ ???? ?????µ ???° ?????????»??N? ?? ??N‹ ?????»N?N‡??N‚?µ ???±?»?µ??N‡?µ?????µ ?? N?N‚?µN??µ?????µ, N? ?? ????N??»?µ N????µNˆN‚?? ?±N???N? ???????????°N‚N?". ???»?????° ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? N??±N‹?»??N?N?, ?? ??????N‹???µ ??N??µ, N? ???µNˆ??NZ ??Nˆ??N…????N?N‰???µ ?? ?µN‘ ?????????»???µ, ???±Nˆ?µN‚?°NZN‚ ????????N‰N? ?? ??N?N†?µ?»?µ?????µ ??N‚ ??N?N??µ????N‹N… ?? N‚?µ?»?µN???N‹N… ???µ??N???????.
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1. ???????°N…????N? ???°??N???N?, ???°?·???°N‡?µN? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? (??N‹???µ ???°N?N‚??N?N‚?µ?»N?????N†?° ??N????µ??N????????? ?s???»??N†???????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?) Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?µN‚:
"?? ?»?µN‚?° 1992 ???????° N? ??N‡?µ??N? N?N‚Nˆ?°???°?»?° ?±???»N????? ?? ???±?»?°N?N‚?? ????N?N?????N†N‹ ?? N??¶?µ N????±??Nˆ?°?»?°N?N? ?»???¶??N‚N?N?N? ?? ?±???»N?????N†N?. ???° ?????????»???µ N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ? ?°N…???»?? N? ??N??µ?????° N?N??µNˆ?????? ?????»???»?°N?N? ???± ??N?N†?µ?»?µ??????. ?’ ????N??±Nˆ?µ N‚?????? ?¶?µ ???????° ???°N?N? ???±??N‚?µ?»N? ????N??µN‚???»?? ???°?»???????????? N? ???µNˆN?N??°?»????N????????? ??????????NˆN?N? ?? ????N??????µ, N?Nˆ?µ???? ????N‚??NˆN‹N… ?????°?·?°?»?°N?N? ????N‹N‚??N‹?? ??Nˆ?°N‡, ????N‚??Nˆ?°N? N???Nˆ??N????»?°, ???µ ??N??¶???° ?»?? ??????N?-?»???±?? ???· ???°N? ???µ????N†????N????°N? ????????N‰N?. ?? Nˆ?°N?N????°?·?°?»?° ?µ?? ?? N??????µ?? ?±???»?µ?·????, ?? ?????° N?????????N‚?µ?»N????? ?±N‹N?N‚Nˆ?? ??N‹?»?µN‡???»?° ???µ??N?.
??N‚Nˆ?°???°N? N????»N???N‹???? ?????»??????N‹???? ?±???»N?????, N? ?????»???¶???»?° ?????? ??????N?N???N? N‚Nˆ?°??N? N? ?????????»???? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ?? ???? ??Nˆ??N??µN?N‚?????? ???µ????N‚??Nˆ?????? ??Nˆ?µ???µ???? ?·?°???µN‚???»?°, N‡N‚?? ?±???»?? N?N‚??N…?»??. ?? N‚?µN… ????Nˆ ?????? ???µ??N? ?±???»N?N??µ ???µ ?±?µN?????????N?N‚".
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2. ????????????N? ?•??????????N? N‚?????? ?¶?µ ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?µN‚:
"?›?µN‚???? 1994 ???????° N? ???µ??N? N????»N????? ?±???»?µ?» ?·N??±. ?Y???????»????N???N?N? ???° ?????????»???µ N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ? ?°N…???»??, N? ???·N??»?° ??N‚N‚N????° ???µ?????????? ?·?µ???»??, ?????»???¶???»?° ?? N?N‚?°???°??, ?·?°?»???»?° ?????????? ?? ??Nˆ???????»??N????°?»?° Nˆ??N‚. ?—N??± ???µNˆ?µN?N‚?°?» ?±???»?µN‚N?. ???? N??°?????µ N‡N????µN??????µ ?±N‹?»?? ?? N‚????, N‡N‚?? ?????????° ?±???»N??????? ?·N??± N?N‚?°?»?? ?»?µN‡??N‚N? ?? ?·N??±????Nˆ?°N‡?µ?±?????? ???°?±?????µN‚?µ, N? ???µ ??N‰N?N‰?°?»?° N??????µNˆN??µ?????? ???????°?????? ?±???»??, ???°?? ?±N???N‚?? ?????µ N????µ?»?°?»?? ???±?µ?·?±???»?????°NZN‰???? N??????»".
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3. ?”NˆN????°N? ????????????N? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ??N‡?µ??N? N?????Nˆ?±?µ?»?° ?? N???????N… Nˆ??????N‚?µ?»N?N…, ????N‚??NˆN‹?µ ?¶???»?? ???µ ?? N†?µNˆ???????????? ?±Nˆ?°???µ, N‚.??. ??N‚?µN† ?µ?µ ?±N‹?» ??Nˆ??N‚???? ???µ??N‡?°????N?. ???µ??????????Nˆ?°N‚???? ?????° N????????°Nˆ?????°?»?° ?µ????, ???? ???? ???µ N??????»?°N??°?»N?N?. ?“?????° N‡?µN‚N‹Nˆ?µ N?N‚?° ????????????N? N?N??µNˆ?????? ?????»???»?°N?N? ???± ??N‚N†?µ, ?° N? ?»?µN‚?° 1992 ???????° ??N‡?µ??N? N‡?°N?N‚?? ???????????°?»?° ?µ???? ???° ?????????»???µ ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??. ????N?N?N‚N? ?????»???????°, ?? ???°N‡?°?»?µ N„?µ??Nˆ?°?»N? 1993 ???????°, ??N‚?µN† ?µ?µ N??????µNˆN??µ?????? ???µ???¶?????°?????? N??????»?°N????»N?N? ???±???µ??N‡?°N‚N?N?N? N??? N??????µ?? N?N???NˆN???????. ???µN????????µ??????, N‡N‚?? N‚?°???°N? ?±?»?°???°N? ???µNˆ?µ???µ???° ??Nˆ?????·??N??»?° ???? ?????»??N‚???°?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????.
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4. ?Y??N??»N?N?????N†?° ???????° Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?µN‚, N‡N‚?? ?????????° ?????° ???µN??»?° ????N??»N?N??°?????µ ???° ??Nˆ??N?N„??Nˆ???µ, ?µ?? N‚Nˆ?µ?±?????°?»N?N? N†?µ?»N‹?? ???µ??N?, N‡N‚???±N‹ ??N????µN‡N? ??Nˆ??N?N„??NˆN‹ ???»N? N‚Nˆ?µN… ?›??N‚N?Nˆ??????. ?­N‚?? ?±N‹?»?? ??N‡?µ??N? N?N‚??????N‚?µ?»N?????, ?° ???µN‡N? ??Nˆ??N…???????»??N?N? N‡?°N?N‚??. ?z???° ????N??»?° ???° ?????????»??N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»?? ?? ??????Nˆ??N????»?° ?µ?µ ?? ????????N‰??. ?Y??N??»?µ N?N‚?????? ?????° ?·?°???µN‚???»?°, N‡N‚?? ?·?°N‚Nˆ?°N‡?????°?µN‚ ??N??µ???? ?????»????N? ???»N? ??N‹???µN‡???? ?????»??N‡?µN?N‚???° ??Nˆ??N?N„??Nˆ ?????????µ ?±???»N?N??µ ??Nˆ??N‚???? ??Nˆ?µ?¶???µ????.
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5. ?”?µ??N?N‚???»?µN‚??N?N? N??µN?N‚Nˆ?° ?????????? ????N??»N?N?????N†N‹ ?»?µN‚???? ????N‚?µNˆN??»?° ?? ?????»?µ N‡?µN‚????. ?z???° ??N‡?µ??N? ???»?°???°?»?°, ?? N??µN?N‚NˆN‹ ????N??????µN‚?????°?»?? ?µ?? ?????»??N‚N?N?N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??. ?”?µ????N‡???° ?????????»???»?°N?N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ????????N‡N? ?µ??, ?? N??????µNˆN??µ?????? ???µ???¶?????°?????? N????????µ?»?° N? N??µ?±N? ?????? ???????°???? ??Nˆ?????°?¶N?.
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6. ?’N??µ N??µN?N‚NˆN‹ ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ??Nˆ??N…????N?N‰???µ ????N??»N?N??°?????µ ???° ??N?N…???µ, N????????µN‚?µ?»N?N?N‚??N?NZN‚ ?? ???µ???·???µ???????? ????????N‰?? ???? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ?? N?N‚???? ???µ?»?µ.
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7. ?? ???µ?????? ?›NZ???????»N‹, ?????µNZN‰?µ?? ???°N‡N? ???µ???°?»?µ???? ??N‚ ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ?? N‡?°N?N‚?? ????N??µN‰?°NZN‰?µ?? ?µ????, N?N???NˆN??? ?±N‹?» N…???»?????µ?? ?? ???µNˆ?µ, N‚?°?? N‡N‚??, ??Nˆ???????·N? ?¶?µ??N? ???° ?±??????N??»N??¶?µ????N?, ??N?N‚?°???°?»N?N? ?·?° ????Nˆ??N‚?°???? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?. ?›NZ???????»?° ???µNˆ?µ?¶?????°?»?° ?·?° ???µ???? ?? ???????µ?»???»?°N?N? N??????µ?? N?????Nˆ?±N?NZ N? ?????????? N??µN?N‚Nˆ????, ????N‚??Nˆ?°N? ??Nˆ???????????»?° ?µ?µ ???° ?????????»??N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ?? ????N??????µN‚?????°?»?° ?????»??N‚N?N?N? ??Nˆ?µ?????????±?????? ? ?°N…???»?? ?? ??N??¶?µ. ?›NZ???????»?° N?????????Nˆ???»?° ?? N?N???NˆN????° ??????N‚?? N‚N????°. ?z?? ???µN…??N‚N? N??????»?°N????»N?N?, ?? N? N‚?µN… ????Nˆ ?¶?µ???° ?·?°???µN‚???»?° ?? ???µ?? ???µNˆ?µ???µ??N? ?? ?»N?N‡N??µ??N?: ???? N?N‚?°?» ?·?°N…??????N‚N? ?? N…Nˆ?°?? ?‘???¶???? ?? N?N‚?°????N‚N? N????µN‡??. ???µ???µNˆN? N?N‚?° N‡?µN‚?° ??N???Nˆ?µ?????µ ????N‡??N‚?°?µN‚ ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ?? ????N?N‚??N??????? ?±?»?°???????µN‚?µ?»N?N?N‚??N??µN‚ N???N?N‚???? ???±??N‚?µ?»??. ?YNˆ???µ?·?¶?°N? ?? ?»?µN‚?????? N??µ?·???? ???° ???°N‡N?, ?????? N‰?µ??Nˆ?? ??Nˆ??????N?N?N‚ ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ???»????N‹ ???· N??????µ???? N??°???° ?? N????±Nˆ?°????N‹?µ ?? ?»?µN?N? ??Nˆ???±N‹.
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8. ?z?????° ????N???????N‡???° N??????±N‰???»?°, N‡N‚?? ?µN‘ ???°N‚N? N‡N????µN????? ??N?N†?µ?»???»?°N?N? ??N‚ ????N?N‚N‹ ?·?µ???»N‘NZ, ??Nˆ?????µ?·N‘???????? N? ?????????»???? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??.
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9. ?”NˆN????°N? ????N???????N‡???°, ???µ???°N? ?•?»?µ???°, Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?µN‚, N‡N‚??, ??N?N‚?°??N???N?N? ?±?µ?· Nˆ?°?±??N‚N‹, ?????»???? ???µ ???????»?° ?????????µ N?N?N‚Nˆ????N‚N?N?N?. ?YNˆ???µN…?°?? ?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????, ?????° N??»N‘?·???? ?????»???»?°N?N? ???° ?????????»???µ ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??. ?§?µNˆ?µ?· ???µ????N‚??Nˆ???µ ??Nˆ?µ??N? ?µN‘ ???·N??»?? ???° ??N?N…??NZ ?? ?”????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, N‡?µ?? ?????° ?±N‹?»?° ??N‡?µ??N? ?????????»N????°, N‚?°?? ???°?? ?¶?µ?»?°?»?° ?????µN‚N? ?????µ?????? N‚?°??N?NZ Nˆ?°?±??N‚N?.
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10. ?’ 1993 ??????N? ???????° ?????»?????µ??N????°N? ???°?»????????N†?° ?•?»?µ???°, ??N‹???µ ????N??»N?N?????N†?° ???°?»??N?Nˆ??N??»?°???µN†???????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ?????·?????? ???µN‡?µNˆ???? ????????N??»?° ?? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???±??N‚?µ?»??. ?’N??µ ????Nˆ??N‚?° ?±N‹?»?? N??¶?µ ?·?°???µNˆN‚N‹, ?? ???µ ?±N‹?»?? ???????°?????? ???°???µ?¶??N‹ ???????°N?N‚N? ?? ???µ?µ. ?z???° ?????????»???»?°N?N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??, ?? N??????µNˆN??µ?????? ???µ???¶?????°?????? ????Nˆ??N‚?° ??N‚??NˆN‹?»?° ???????° ???· N??µN?N‚?µNˆ, ????N‡?µ???? ???µ ?·???°??N??°N? ?? ??Nˆ??N…?????µ ???µ??N?N?????-???°?»????????N†N‹.
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11. ???µ?????? ???»?µ??N??µ?? ???· ??.?›NZ?±?µNˆN†N‹ ????N???????N??????? ???±?»?°N?N‚??, N?N??µNˆ????N‹?? ????N‡??N‚?°N‚?µ?»N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??, 10 ????N‚N??±NˆN? 1996 ???????° N????µN????» ???° ??Nˆ?°?·???????? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????, ???°?? ????NˆN??? ????N‚??Nˆ ?µ???? ???°N?????N‹ ???°N‡?°?» ???»??N…??N?N‚N?, N‡N‚?? ??Nˆ???·???»??, ?? ?»N?N‡N??µ?? N??»N?N‡?°?µ, ???????·???°?????µ??. ???? ????N?N‚?°N‚??N‡???? ?±N‹?»?? ?µ??N? ??Nˆ?????·???µN?N‚??: "?’??N‚ ???°?? ?±?µN?N‹ ??Nˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ? ?°N…???»N? ?±??N?N‚N?N?!", aˆ“ ???°?? ????N‚??Nˆ ????????N? ?·?°Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°?», ?? ???? N??? N??????????? N???N?N‚???????°???? ?±?»?°?????????»N?N‡???? ?????µN…?°?» ???? ?‘??Nˆ?????????? ?? N‚?°?? ?¶?µ ?±?»?°?????????»N?N‡???? ?????·??Nˆ?°N‚???»N?N? ??????????, ?±?»?°???????°NˆN? ??????N?NZ ?§N?????N‚????Nˆ??N†N?.
????N‚ ?¶?µ ???»?µ??N??µ?? Nˆ?°N?N????°?·N‹???°?», N‡N‚?? ?·???°?µN‚ ????N?N… ?????¶???»N‹N… ?¶?µ??N‰????, ???????° ???· ????N‚??NˆN‹N… ?·?µ???»?µ?? N? ?????????»???? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»?? ??N?N†?µ?»???»?°N?N? ??N‚ ?±???»?µ?·???? ???»?°?·, ?° ??NˆN????°N? ????N?N‚??N??????? ?????»N??·N??µN‚N?N? ?µNZ ???»N? ???±?»?µ??N‡?µ????N? ?±???»?? ?? ???????°N….
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12. ??????Nˆ???????? ???»?µ??N??µ?? ?????°????????N‡, 1969 ??.Nˆ., 23 N??????°NˆN? 1996 ???????° ?????»N?N‡???» N????»N??????µ ???±????Nˆ???¶?µ?????µ ???±?µ??N… ????N?N‚?µ?? NˆN???, ???????°?» ?? ?±???»N?????N†N? ??.????N?????N‹, ?????µ ??Nˆ?°N‡?? N????µ?»?°?»?? ??N??µ ?????·?????¶?????µ, N‡N‚???±N‹ ?µ??N? ????????N‡N?. ?Y???»???¶?µ?????µ ?±N‹?»?? ??Nˆ??N‚??N‡?µN??????µ aˆ“ ?????»????????N? N‡?µ?»?????µ??N? ??Nˆ???·???»?° ?°????N?N‚?°N†??N?. ???°N…????N?N?N? ?? N‚?°?????? N‚N??¶?µ?»???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???? ???±Nˆ?°N‚???»N?N? ?? ?‘????N?. ?’N?????Nˆ?µ ???°N?N‚N??????»?? ???µ????N‚??Nˆ???µ N??»N?N‡N??µ?????µ, ???? ???? ????????N‡?°N‚?µ?»N????????? ??N‹?·????Nˆ?????»?µ????N? ?±N‹?»?? ???°?»?µ????: Nˆ?°??N‹ ???µ?????????? ?·?°?¶???»??, ???? ???°?»N?N†N‹ ???µ ?????????°?»??N?N?. ?’ ??????N†?µ ???°NˆN‚?° aˆ“ ?? ???°N‡?°?»?µ ?°??Nˆ?µ?»N? ???»?µ??N??µ?? N? N‚?????°Nˆ??N‰?µ?? ??Nˆ???µN…?°?» ?? ?‘??Nˆ??????????. ?•??N? ?? Nˆ?°??N?N??µ ?±N‹?»?? ?·???°???????? N?N‚?? ???µN?N‚??, ???? N‡N???N?N‚???????°?» N‚?°?? ??Nˆ??N?N?N‚N?N‚?????µ ?±?»?°???????°N‚?? ?‘???¶???µ??, ?? ????N?N‚????N? ?µ???? N‚N???N??»?? N‚N????°. ?—?°????N? ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN??????? N…Nˆ?°??, ???»?µ??N??µ?? Nˆ?°N?N????°?·?°?» ?? N??????µ?? ?±???»?µ?·???? ???°N…????????N??µ??N?N? N‚?°?? ????N??»N?N?????N†?µ. ?z???° ???°?»?° ?µ??N? N???N?N‚???µ ???°N??»?? ??N‚ ?’?»?°????????NˆN??????? ????????N‹ ?‘???¶???µ?? ???°N‚?µNˆ?? ?? ?–??????????N????????? ?“Nˆ???±?° ?“??N?????????N?, ????N??????µN‚?????°?? ??Nˆ?? N?N‚???? ??????N‚?? ???° ?????????»??N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??, ?????????»??N‚N?N?N? ?µ?? ?? ????????N‰?? ?? ???·N?N‚N? ???µ?????????? ?·?µ???»?? N? N‚?????? ???µN?N‚?°. ?????»???????? N‡?µ?»?????µ?? ??N??µ ??N??????»?????», ???? ????N??????»N???N? ?·?µ???»N? ?±N‹?»?° ?µN‰?µ ??????NˆN‹N‚?° N????µ??????, N‚?? ???? ?????????±Nˆ?°?» ???µ?±???»N?N????? ???µN‚?°?»?»??N‡?µN??????? ?±???»N‚????, ????N‚??NˆN‹?? ?? ???·N??» N? N????±????, ????N??»?µ N‡?µ???? ?????? N? ??NˆN??????? N??µN…?°?»??. ?”?????° ???»?µ??N??µ?? N? ???µNˆ???? ???????°?·?°?» NˆN????? N???N?N‚N‹?? ???°N??»????, ??Nˆ???·N‹???°N? ?? ?????»??N‚???°N… ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»N?. ?YNˆ??N???N???N???N?N? ???° N??»?µ??N?NZN‰?µ?µ N?N‚Nˆ?? ???? ???±???°NˆN??¶???», N‡N‚?? N? ???µ???? N?N‚?°?» ?????????°N‚N?N?N? ???????? ???°?»?µN†. ?? ????N‚???? ?µ??N? N? ???°?¶??N‹?? ?????µ?? N?N‚?°?????????»??N?N? ??N??µ ?»N?N‡N??µ ?? ?»N?N‡N??µ. ?s ?Y?°N?N…?µ (???»?µ??N??µ?? ????N??µN‚???» ?‘??Nˆ?????????? ?????µ?? ?·?° ???µN?N?N‚N? ???? ??Nˆ?°?·?????????°) ???? N??¶?µ ?????? Nˆ?°?±??N‚?°N‚N? NˆN????°????.
?Y??N??»?µ N??????µ???? N‡N????µN????????? ??N?N†?µ?»?µ????N? ???»?µ??N??µ?? ?? ?·???°?? ?±?»?°???????°Nˆ????N?N‚?? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»?? ???µN??????»N????? Nˆ?°?· ??Nˆ???µ?·?¶?°?» ?? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ?????µ ?·?°???????°?»N?N? Nˆ?µ??????N‚???? N??»?µ??N‚Nˆ????Nˆ???±??Nˆ????.
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13. ?’ N??µ??N??µ ?±N‹??N??µ???? ?°?»N‚?°Nˆ???????° ???????»?µ??N??????? N†?µNˆ?????? N??µ?»?° ?‘??Nˆ?????????° ???µ ?±N‹?»?? ???µN‚?µ??. ?Y?? N??»?????°?? ??Nˆ?°N‡?µ??, ??N… ???????»?? ?? ??????N??µ ???µ ?±N‹N‚N?, ???·-?·?° ?±???»?µ?·???? ?µ???? ?¶?µ??N‹. ?z???µN‡?°?»?µ????N‹?µ N?N???NˆN????? ??????Nˆ??N????»?? ???????????? ?·???°???????????? N???N?N‰?µ?????????° ??N‚N??»N??¶??N‚N? ?????»?µ?±?µ?? ???° ?????????»???µ ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»?? ?? ???°Nˆ?????°?????? ????N‚N?N‚??. ?Y?? ?????»??N‚???°?? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ?“??N???????N? ??N‡?µ??N? N?????Nˆ?? ???°Nˆ?????°?» ???? Nˆ?µ?±?µ?????°. ? ???????»?°N?N? ???µ????N‡???°, ?? N?N‡?°N?N‚?»????N‹?µ Nˆ??????N‚?µ?»?? ???°?·???°?»?? ?µ?µ ? ?°N…???»N?NZ.
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14. ????N„?µNˆ ?‘?»?°????N‡???????????? ? N??·N????????? Nˆ?°???????° ??Nˆ???????»?¶??N‚?µ?»N??????µ ??Nˆ?µ??N? N?N‚Nˆ?°???°?» ???µ????NˆNˆ???µ??. ???· ?¶??N‚??N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»?? ???? N??·???°?», N‡N‚?? ?????° ??N??µ?? ???????????°?µN‚, ??N????±?µ?????? N‚?µ??, ??N‚?? ?????·N????µN‚ ?·?µ???»?? N? ?µ?µ ?????????»????. ?’N?????Nˆ?µ N?N‚????N? N‡?µ?»?????µ??N? ??Nˆ?µ??N?N‚?°?????»N?N? N??»N?N‡?°?? ????N??µN‚??N‚N? ?‘??Nˆ?????????? aˆ“ ???°???? ?±N‹?»?? ???µ?·N‚?? ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ?zN‚N†?° ?‘?»?°????N‡????????????. ?Y?????°?? N‚N????°, ?±???»N??????? N? ???»N??±???????? ???µNˆ???? ????N????µN????» ???° ?????????»??N? ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹, ???·N??» ?·?µ???»??N†N‹ N? ?????????»???? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????, ???°N?N‹???°?» ?? ???°???µN‚???? ??, ??Nˆ???µN…?°?? ??????????, ?????»???¶???» ?????? ??????N?N???N? ?? ??N?????Nˆ?µ ?????»N?N‡???» ?????»?????µ ??N?N†?µ?»?µ?????µ ??N‚ N??????µ???? ???µ??N????°.
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15. ?zN‚?µN† ?“?µ??Nˆ?????? ? ?????°???µ??????, ???°?·???°N‡?µ????N‹?? N????°?·???? ????N‚Nˆ???????»??N‚?° ?? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ?µN…?°?» ?? ???µN?N‚N? N??????µ???? ???????????? N??»N??¶?µ????N?, ???? ???? ??Nˆ??N‡?????µ Nˆ?µ??????N‚?° ???µN‚Nˆ??, N?N‚?°?» ???°N‚?°N?N‚Nˆ??N„??N‡?µN????? ?????°?·??N‹???°N‚N?. ?—???°N? ?? ??????????N‡??N??»?µ????N‹N… N‡N????µN??°N… ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??, ?±?°N‚NZN????° ???±Nˆ?°N‚???»N?N? ?? ???µ?? N? ?????»??N‚??????: "?YNˆ?µ?????????±???°N? ? ?°N…???»N?, ??????N‚???»?????? ???µ??N?, ???µNˆ?°????????????!" ?Y??N??»?µ N?N‚?????? ???? ?·?°???µN‚???», N‡N‚?? ?????»???µ?????µ ?µ???? N?N‚??N…?°?µN‚, ?? ?? ??N?N??µ ????N????»N??µN‚N?N? ???????°N???????-N?????Nˆ?µ???????µ N‡N???N?N‚???? N??????µ???? ???µ????N?N‚??????N?N‚???°. ?YNˆ?? N?N‚???? N???N?N‰?µ???????? ??????N????°?», N‡N‚?? ?µN??»?? ???? ???????·???°?µN‚ ???° N??»?µ??N‚Nˆ??N‡??N? ?? ???° N??»N??¶?±N?, N‚?? ?? ???????°N?N‚N‹Nˆ?µ N???????N?N‚, ???°?????? ???? ?µN?N‚N? ???° N??°?????? ???µ?»?µ. ?’ N?N‚???? ???±Nˆ?°N‰?µ?????? ?? ???????°N?????NZ ?±?°N‚NZN????° N????????µ?» ???µNˆ?????µ N‡N????? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??, ?° ??N‚??Nˆ???µ N???N?N‚??N??»?? ?? N‚????, N‡N‚?? ???? ??Nˆ??N‚???? ??N?N????????? ???¶?????°????N? N?N????µ?» ???° ?????µ?·?? ?? ??????Nˆ?µ??N? ???°N‡?°?» ?±??????N??»N??¶?µ?????µ.
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16. ?’ ?????????? ????N???????N??????? N??µ??N??µ ???????»?? 4-N… ?»?µN‚ N†?°Nˆ???»?? Nˆ?°?·?»?°?? ?? ???µN?N‚Nˆ???µ?????µ, N‚.??. ??N??¶ ??N?N‚?°?????» N?????NZ ?·?°????????N?NZ N?N???NˆN???N? ?? N?N‹???°-???????°?»?????°, N?N‚Nˆ?°???°NZN‰?µ???? ?±Nˆ????N…???°?»N??????? ?°N?N‚??????. ? ?µ?±?µ?????? ???µ N??»N?N??°?»N?N?, ??N‚?±?????°?»N?N? ??N‚ NˆN???. ?­N‚?? ????Nˆ?µ ??Nˆ?????µ?»?? ?¶?µ??N? ?? ?»?????? ?YNˆ?°????N??»?°????N?. ?z???° ???°N??»?° ??N?N…???????????? ??N‚N†?°, ????N‚??NˆN‹?? ???°N?N‚?°???»N??» ?µ?µ N‚?µNˆ???µ?»?????? ???µNˆ?µ????N???N‚N? N?N‚N? N?????Nˆ?±N?, ???µ ??N‚???°?·N‹???°N‚N?N?N? ??N‚ ???µN?N‡?°N?N‚????????, ?·?°?±?»N??¶???°NZN‰?µ????N?N? N?N???NˆN????°, ???µ???°???????µN‚N? ??Nˆ?µN…, ???? ???µ N‡?µ?»?????µ???°, ????N?N?N‰?µ???? ???° N??µ?±?µ ???±Nˆ?°?· ?‘???¶????, N…??N‚N? ?? ??????Nˆ?°N‡?µ????N‹?? ??Nˆ?µN…????. ?–?µ??N‰?????° N?N‚?° ???µ?»?° ?????±Nˆ?????µN‚?µ?»N???N?NZ ?¶???·??N?, ?° ??N??¶ ??Nˆ???????»?¶?°?» ??Nˆ?µN???N‚N?. ?z?? ???µ ????N??µN‰?°?» N…Nˆ?°??????, ???µ ??N????????µ???????°?»N?N? ??, N‚?µ?? ?±???»?µ?µ, ???µ ??Nˆ??N‡?°N‰?°?»N?N?.
?? ????N‚ ???????°?¶??N‹ ?·???°??????N‹?? N???N?N‰?µ????????-??Nˆ?°N‡ ??Nˆ?µ???»???¶???» N?N‚???? ?»NZ??N??? ????N??µN‚??N‚N? ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ???° N‡N‚?? "N??µ??N?N?" ??N‚???µN‚???»?° N??????»?°N????µ??. ?’?? 2-?µ ????N???Nˆ?µN??µ??N??µ ?’?µ?»?????????? ?Y??N?N‚?° ?????? ?±N‹?»?? ???? N???N?N‚???? ???±??N‚?µ?»?? ???° ?›??N‚N?Nˆ??????, ?·?° ????N‚??Nˆ???? ?¶?µ???° ?? Nˆ?µ?±?µ?????? ??Nˆ?????±N‰???»??N?N? ????.???°????. ?Y??N??»?µ N?N‚?????? ?±?µ?????°N? ?¶?µ??N‰?????° ????N??»?° ???° ?????????»??N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»?? ?? ??Nˆ??N????»?° ?µ?µ ?? ????????N‰??, N??¶?µ ???µ ???µNˆN?, N‡N‚?? N‡N‚??-?????±N???N? ?????¶?µN‚ ???·???µ????N‚N?N?N? ?? ?µ?µ N?N???N??±?µ. ?Y??N‚???? ?????? ?????µN…?°?»?? ???° ??N?N‚??N‡??????, N‡N‚?? N? ?s???»??N†???????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN?, ?° ???µN‡?µNˆ???? ??N‚N?N‚??N??»?? ?Y?°N?N???NZ ?? ?‘??Nˆ?????????? ?? ??N‚??Nˆ?°?????»??N?N? ???±Nˆ?°N‚???? ?? ????N?????N?. ?Y?? ??Nˆ???µ?·???µ ?????????? ?¶?µ???° N?N‚?°?»?° ???? ???±N‹N‡?°NZ ??Nˆ??N‰?°N‚N?N?N? N??? N????????? ???µ???µNˆ??N‹?? N?N???NˆN???????, ???? ????, ????N?N‚?°?????? ???µN‰??, ????NˆN??? N????°?·?°?»: "?’N‹ aˆ“ ????N? N??µ??N?N?, N? ???°N? ?±???»N?N??µ ?????????????° ???µ ?±Nˆ??N?N?, ?? ????N?N‚?°Nˆ?°NZN?N? ??N????????µ???°N‚N?N?N? ?? N???????N… ??Nˆ?µN…?°N…. ???µ ???????? ???µ??N?, N? N…??N‡N? ??N?N‚?°N‚N?N?N? N? ???°????."
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17. ????N???????N‡???° ?®?»??N? ?‘??Nˆ??N????????° ?”?°??N‹???????° ????N??µN‚???»?° ?‘??Nˆ?????????? ???°???°??N????µ ????N? ????.??Nˆ????N†N‹ 1996 ???????°, ?? N?N??µNˆ?????? ?????»???»?°N?N? ???° ?????????»???µ ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ?? ????N‡?µNˆ?? ?? ?? N?????N‘?? ???µ??Nˆ?µN‰N‘?????? ???µ???µNˆN?NZN‰?µ?? N?N???NˆN????µ, ????N‚??NˆN‹?? ?? N‚?? ??Nˆ?µ??N? ??N????°?» Nˆ?°?±??N‚N?. ?YNˆ??N??»?° ???µ???µ?»N?. ??N??¶ ?®?»???? ?‘??Nˆ??N???????N‹ ??N‡?µ??N? N????°N‡???? N?N?N‚Nˆ?????»N?N?, ?±?»?°???????°NˆN? N‡?µ??N? ?????»N?N‡???» ?????·?????¶????N?N‚N? ?????»????N?N‚N?NZ ???±?µN????µN‡?????°N‚N? N??µ??N?NZ, ?° N‡?µNˆ?µ?· ?????? ???? ??Nˆ????N??» ????. ?sNˆ?µN‰?µ?????µ ?? ???±???µ??N‡?°?»N?N? N??? N??????µ?? N?N???NˆN???????. ???µ??N?N? ?”?°??N‹??????N‹N… ????N†?µNˆ?????????»?°N?N?, ?? ???? ??Nˆ??N??µN?N‚?????? 2-N… ?»?µN‚ ????N??»?µ N??????µ???? ???µNˆ???????? ????N??µN‰?µ????N? ?‘??Nˆ?????????° ?®?»??N? ?‘??Nˆ??N????????° ?????µN…?°?»?° N‚N????° ?? N???N?N‚?°???µ ???°?»????????N‡?µN??????? ??NˆN?????N‹ ?±?»?°???????°Nˆ??N‚N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??N?NZ ?·?° N‡N????µN???N?NZ ?? N?????NˆN?NZ ????????N‰N?.

X. ?s?????z?????—???¦???? ?Y? ?•?Y. ? ???????›??

5-6 ???°NˆN‚?° 1996 ???????°, ?? N???N??·?? N? ???µ??Nˆ?µ??Nˆ?°N‰?°NZN‰????N?N? ???°Nˆ??????N‹?? ????N‡??N‚?°?????µ?? N?N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ? ?°N…???»??, ???????????°?»N????°N? ?s??????N?N???N? ???? ???°?????????·?°N†???? N???N?N‚N‹N… ???? ???»?°???µ N? ?’N‹N?????????Nˆ?µ??N???N?N‰?µ?????µ??N????? ?®???µ???°?»???µ??, ????N‚Nˆ???????»??N‚???? ?sNˆN?N‚??N†?????? ?? ?s???»?????µ??N???????, ????N?N‚?°?????????»?° ??Nˆ??N‡??N??»??N‚N? ?‘??Nˆ????????N???N?NZ ???????????¶????N†N? ?? ?»????N? ???µN?N‚????N‡N‚????N‹N… N???N?N‚N‹N…. ?­N‚?? Nˆ?µN??µ?????µ ?±N‹?»?? ???????±Nˆ?µ???? ????N?N‚?µ??N????? ?Y?°N‚Nˆ???°NˆN…???? ????N???????N??????? ?? ?’N??µN? ? N?N??? ???»?µ??N????µ?? II.
?’ ???µNˆ?????? ??????????N‚???????? ?? N‚??Nˆ?¶?µN?N‚??N? ?YNˆ??N??»?°???»?µ????N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ?“??N???????N? N????»N??» ??????????N‹?µ ?·???°???µ????N? ???????µ?? ?????»??N?N‚??, ????N‚??NˆN‹?µ ?±N‹?»?? ??N‚???µN‡?µ??N‹ N??µN?N‚Nˆ?°???? ???±??N‚?µ?»??. ?’ N‚?µN‡?µ?????µ ??N??µ???? ??NZ?»N?-???µN?N?N†?° ???°?? ?‘??Nˆ????????N??????? ???????°N?N‚N‹Nˆ?µ?? ??Nˆ?µ??N? ??N‚ ??Nˆ?µ???µ???? ??N?N‚?°???°?»?° Nˆ?°??N????°. 28 ??NZ?»N? 1996 ???????° ?? N??°??N‹?? ???µ??N? ??Nˆ?°?·?????????° ???????????° ?±N‹?»?° ??Nˆ?µ??Nˆ?°N????°N?. ?’N‹N?????????Nˆ?µ??N???N?N‰?µ?????µ??N????? ????N‚Nˆ???????»??N‚ ?®???µ???°?»???? ?????·???»?°?????» N‚??Nˆ?¶?µN?N‚???µ????N‹?? ?°??N‚ ??Nˆ??N??»?°???»?µ????N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??, ??Nˆ????N?N…????????N????? ???? ?’?»?°????????NˆN??????? N????±??Nˆ?µ ?????°N???-?‘??Nˆ????????N????????? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ?? N??????µNˆN????» ?‘???¶?µN?N‚???µ????N?NZ ?›??N‚N?Nˆ????NZ ?? N???N??»N??¶?µ?????? ??????????N‡??N??»?µ?????????? N????±??Nˆ?° ??N?N…?????µ??N?N‚???° ????N???????N??????? ?•???°NˆN…????, ????N??»?µ N‡?µ???? N???N?N‰?µ??N?N‚???? ?? ?????»N?N‰???µN?N? ??N‚??Nˆ?°?????»??N?N? N? ??Nˆ?µN?N‚??N‹?? N…???????? ???° ?????????»??N? ????N?N‚????. ?s???????° N??µN?N‚?????µ ??Nˆ???±?»???·???»??N?N? ?? ???µN?N‚N? N??????????µ????N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????, ?»?µ???????µ ???±?»?°N‡???? ?·?°??NˆN‹?»?? N????»??N†?µ, ??N??µ??N?N? ??N?N‘ ?±?»?°????N‡?µN?N‚???????µ N????±Nˆ?°?????µ. ?’N‹N?????????Nˆ?µ??N???N?N‰?µ?????µ??N????? ?’?»?°??N‹???° N??????µNˆN????» ?????»?µ?±?µ??, ??N???N?N‚???» N„N??????°???µ??N‚ ?±N???N?N‰?µ?? N‡?°N?????????, ?? ?? N?N‚??N‚ ???????µ??N‚ N????»???µN‡??N‹?µ ?»N?N‡?? ????NˆN??? N?Nˆ???? ??N????µN‚???»?? ???µN?N‚?? ?·?°???»?°??????, ??Nˆ?µN?N‚, ?? ????????N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»??. ?s???????° ?¶?µ ?’?»?°??N‹???° ????N‚Nˆ???????»??N‚ ?????·???????? ????????N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±?????? ?? ??N??µ?????» ?µNZ ?????»N?N‰????N?N? ???°Nˆ????, ?? N?N??????? ???µ?±?µ N‚Nˆ???¶??N‹ Nˆ?°?·???°?»N?N? ??N??»?????? Nˆ?°N????°N‚ ??Nˆ?????°.
?’ N‚?µN‡?µ?????µ ???µN???N‹ ?? ?»?µN‚?° 1997 ???????° N‡?°N???????N? ???° ?????????»???µ ??Nˆ?µ??. ? ?°N…???»?? ?±N‹?»?° N?????NˆN??¶?µ???°, ?° 10 ????N‚N??±NˆN? (27 N??µ??N‚N??±NˆN? N?N‚.N?N‚.) ?? ???µ??N? ??Nˆ?µN?N‚?°???»?µ????N? ????N?N‚????, ?’N‹N?????????Nˆ?µ??N???N?N‰?µ?????µ??N????? ????N‚Nˆ???????»??N‚ ?®???µ???°?»???? ??N???N?N‚???» N‡?°N???????NZ. ???µ???µNˆN? ???° ???µN?N‚?µ N??????????µ????N? ??Nˆ?µ??. ??N‚?°Nˆ??N†N‹ ? ?°N…???»?? Nˆ?µ??N??»N?Nˆ???? N??????µNˆN??°NZN‚N?N? ?????»?µ?±??N‹?µ ???µ????N? N??µN?N‚Nˆ?°???? ???????°N?N‚N‹NˆN? ?? ???°?»???????????°????. ?­N‚?? N???N?N‚???µ ???µN?N‚?? ??Nˆ?????»?µ???°?µN‚ ?? N??µ?±?µ ?±???????????»N?N†?µ?? ???· Nˆ?°?·??N‹N… N??????»?????? ? ??N?N?????, ????N‚??NˆN‹?µ, ???µ N?N‡??N‚?°N?N?N? N? Nˆ?°N?N?N‚??N??????µ??, ?µ??N?N‚ N?NZ???° N? ???µNˆ??NZ ?? ???°???µ?¶?????? ???° ????????N‰N? ?YNˆ?µ?????????±??????.


 
Àêàôèñò Ïðåñâÿòîé Áîãîðîäèöå ðàäè ÷óäîòâîðíîé Åÿ èêîíû Ñìîëåíñêîé, èìåíóåìîé Îäèãèòðèÿ

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Ðàññûëêà 'Ñìîëåíñêèé êàëåíäàðü'

 


Îáðàòíàÿ ñâÿçü
Áóäåì ðàäû Âàøèì ïèñüìàì, ìàòåðèàëàì äëÿ áèáëèîòåêè, èêîíàì Ñìîëåíñêèõ ñâÿòûõ. Ñîîáùàéòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, îá îøèáêàõ íà ñòðàíèöàõ ñàéòà


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